Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting the Incident of Hypertension in Bawolato Health Center, Bawolato District, Nias District
Abstract
Based on the 2021 Riskesdas results, the prevalence of the population with high blood pressure is 34.1%. Hypertension data from the Bawolato Community Health Center has increased over the last 2 years, with hypertension cases recorded in 2021 with a total of 842 cases and in 2022 with a total of 1,162 cases. Unhealthy lifestyles, with irregular eating patterns that lead to obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity and consuming too much alcohol, cause blood pressure to increase. The researcher's aim was to determine the risk factors that influence the incidence of hypertension at the Bawolato Community Health Center, Bawolato District, Nias Regency. This type of research is a case control survey. Case Control. The sample consisted of 104 respondents, 52 case groups and 52 control groups taken by consecutive sampling. Data analysis was carried out univariate, bivariate and multivariate using logistic regression tests. The results of the research on bivariate test analysis with chi-square showed that factors influencing the incidence of hypertension were obesity (p= 0.019; OR = 3.080), smoking (p= 0.037; OR= 2.182), physical activity (p= 0.006; OR= 1.875) , alcohol consumption (p= 0.029; OR= 3.407). Meanwhile, the multivariate test found that the factors that had the most influence on the incidence of hypertension were the alcohol consumption variable (p= 0.024; Exp(B)= 4.004) and the obesity variable (p= 0.006; Exp(B)= 3.857). It can be concluded that the risk factors for hypertension at the Bawolato Community Health Center, Bawolato District, Nias Regency are alcohol consumption and obesity. It is recommended that Puskesmas improve promotive and preventive services related to hypertension, educate the younger generation about the dangers of smoking and alcohol consumption, maintain diet, and exercise routine physical activity by utilizing the Health program as a bridge for education and health checks and collaborating with related sectors.
References
Arafah S, Amir N, Irwan M, Tanawali Takalar S. (2022). Efektivitas Massase Punggung Dan Massase Kaki Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi Di Upt Puskesmas Bulukunyi. Politek Kesehat Makassar. 13(1):2087–122.
Claudia EKA. (2017). Identifikasi Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Kepatuhan Diet Pada Penderita Hipertensi Di Poli Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.
Erman I, Damanik HD, Sya’diyah. (2021). Hubungan Merokok Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Kampus Palembang. J Keperawatan Merdeka [Internet]. 1(1):54–61. Available from: https://jurnal.poltekkespalembang.ac.id/index.php/jkm/article/view/983
Fadhli WM. (2018). Hubungan antara gaya hidup dengan kejadian hipertensi pada usia dewasa muda di Desa Lamakan Kecamatan Karamat Kabupaten Buol. J KESMAS. 7(6):1–14.
Fitri Y, Rusmikawati R, Zulfah S, Nurbaiti N. (2018). Asupan natrium dan kalium sebagai faktor penyebab hipertensi pada usia lanjut. AcTion Aceh Nutr J. 3(2):158.
Imran Azhari Fahman. (2022). Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Penyakit Hipertensi
Kemenkes RI. (2021). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2021. Pusdatin.Kemenkes.Go.Id. 2022. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, (2019). Kementeri Kesehat RI [Internet]. 2019;1(1):1. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/19093000001/penyakit-jantung-penyebab-kematian-terbanyak-ke-2-di-indonesia.html
Kristina, Pangaribuan L, Bisara D. (2015). Body Mass Index ( BMI ) and Hypertension in Women of Child-bearing Age ( 15-49 Years ) ( Data Analysis of Riskesdas 2013 ):117–27.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL (2002). The PHQ-9: A new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatr Ann. 32(9):509–15.
Lali N, Lestari N, Heni S. (2022). Peran Keluarga terhadap Kepatuhan Mengkonsumsi Obat Anti Hipertensi pada Pasien Hipertensi. J Abdi Masy ERAU. 1(1):7–18.
Nasution IAD, Daulay AS. (2022). Penetapan Kadar Mineral Mangan, Natrium Dan Besi Pada Sari Labu Siam (Sechium Edule {Jacq} Swartz) Tua Dan Muda Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. J Heal Med Sci [Internet]. 1(2):37–45. Available from: https://pusdikra-publishing.com/index.php/jkes/home
Nuraini B. (2015). Risk Factors of Hypertension. J Major. 4(5):10–9.
Rahmadi Islam. (2018). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Lansia Terhadap Diet Hipertensi Di Panti Tresna Werda Magetan. (3):1–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13662-017-1121-6%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/s41980-018-0101-2%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2018.04.019%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2017.10.014%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2011.07.041 http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.020
Simbolon P, Simbolon N, Siringo-ringo M, A.Sihotang V. (2020). Hubungan Karakteristik dengan Peningkatan Tekanan Darah di Sumbul, Sumatera Utara. J Dunia Kesmas. 9(2):175–84.
Syahrini EN. Faktor-Faktor Risiko Hipertensi Primer Di Puskesmas Tlogosari Kulon Kota Semarang. 2012;1.
Umi Kholifah. (2017). Hubungan Gaya Hidup Dengan Riwayat Hipertensi Pada Lansia Di Desa Tenggeles Kudus. J Pros HEFA. 53(9):411–8.
Yuli Hilda Sari, Usman, Makhrajani Majid. (2019). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lansia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Maiwa Kab.Enrekang. J Ilm Mns Dan Kesehat. 2(1):68–79.
