Comparative Preclinical Evaluation of Nelumbo Nucifera and Related Herbal Extracts in Breast Cancer Models: Molecular Pathways and Effectiveness

Khairani Fitri; Marwan Saad  Azzubaidi; Nurul Huda Mat  Hassan

doi:10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v6i4.2560

Khairani Fitri Lecturer of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut Kesehatan HeLvetia, Indonesia
Marwan Saad Azzubaidi Lecturer of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
Nurul Huda Mat Hassan Lecturer of the Faculty of Medicine, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v6i4.2560

Keywords: Nelumbo Nucifera, Breast Cancer, Herbal Extracts, Targeted Molecular Pathways, Radioresistant Tumors

Abstract

This study provides a comparative preclinical evaluation of Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) and related herbal extracts in breast cancer models, focusing on their targeted molecular pathways and effectiveness. The analysis includes both in vitro and in vivo studies involving lotus leaf, seedpod, and related plant extracts from Nymphaea, Moringa, and Taraxacum. The findings demonstrate that N. nucifera leaf alcoholic extract exhibits the most comprehensive anticancer profile, with effects validated in multiple models, including those of ER-negative and radioresistant cells. The lotus seedpod extracts also demonstrated promising activity against resistant tumors by inhibiting DNA repair. Other herbal candidates demonstrated apoptotic or cytotoxic effects but were limited in scope or lacked in vivo confirmation. These results support the further development of lotus-derived compounds as promising multi-pathway therapeutic agents for breast cancer.

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