Effectiveness of Oral Providing of Ajwa Date Fruit Extract on Malondialdehyde and Superoxide Dismutase Levels of White Rats Induced by Excessive Physical Activity
Abstract
Natural food ingredients are becoming increasingly popular as a treatment. According to studies and investigations, experts increasingly turn to natural remedies to treat disease, including date fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera). This study tested the effectiveness of oral date palm fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera) in reducing blood malondialdehyde levels in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by excessive physical activity and increasing blood levels. Intense physical exercise increases white rat blood superoxide dismutase. This research is a laboratory experimental research or an actual experiment. The research design used a pre-test and post-test with a control group design to analyze the effectiveness of oral administration of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) extract on the MDA and SOD levels of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) samples induced by excessive physical activity. The results of date fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera) at 5 ml were more effective at reducing MDA and increasing SOD levels in white mice induced by excessive physical activity than at 3 and 4 ml. The experimental group treated with date fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera) had lower MDA and higher SOD levels than the group given distilled water. Date fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera) contains flavonoids and tannins. Some bioactive substances are antioxidants. Antioxidants can assist the body fight free radicals from excessive physical exertion.
References
Akbari, B., Baghaei-Yazdi, N., Bahmaie, M., & Mahdavi Abhari, F. (2022). The role of plant-derived natural antioxidants in reduction of oxidative stress. BioFactors, 48(3), 611–633. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1831
Bencivenga, D., Arcadio, F., Piccirillo, A., Annunziata, M., Della Ragione, F., Cennamo, N., Borriello, A., Zeni, L., & Guida, L. (2023). Plasmonic optical fiber biosensor development for point-of-care detection of malondialdehyde as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 199(February), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.020
Biswas, G. (2021). Review of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology: Including Clinical and Pathological Aspects; As Per the Competency Based Medical Education Guidelines of NMC (5th ed.). New Dehli: Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub.
Boudghane, L. C., Bouabdellah, N., Bouanane, S., Ahmed, F. Z. B., Laroussi, M. A., Bendiaf, Y., Nas, F., & Merzouk, H. (2023). Phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial attributes of different extracts of seeds: the Algerian variety of dates' Deglet Nour' (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Vegetos, 36(2), 559–565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-022-00413-3
Coskun, O., Kanter, M., Korkmaz, A., & Oter, S. (2005). Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, prevents and protects streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and β-cell damage in rat pancreas. Pharmacological Research, 51(2), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2004.06.002
Duke, J. A., Bogenschutz-Godwin, M. J., DuCellier, J., Duke, P.-A. K., & Kumar, R. (2022). Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Second Edition (Kindle Edi, Vol. 5, Issue 1). Florida: CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004850-199001000-00014
El Assar, M., Álvarez-Bustos, A., Sosa, P., Angulo, J., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2022). Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158713
Fang, X., Ardehali, H., Min, J., & Wang, F. (2023). The molecular and metabolic landscape of iron and ferroptosis in cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 20(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-022-00735-4
Franklin, B. A., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Pandey, A., Quindry, J., & Toth, P. P. (2022). Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations. American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 12(September), 100425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100425
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. In Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Kharal, S., Siddique, F., Arshad, M., Iftikhar, K., Akhtar, M. T., Qadir, R., Sameeh, M. Y., Mustaqeem, M., Zhuang, J., & Xia, L. (2023). Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and in vivo antidiarrheal activity of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). International Journal of Food Properties, 26(1), 2243–2255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2023.2244684
Kruk, J., Aboul-Enein, B. H., Duchnik, E., & Marchlewicz, M. (2022). Antioxidative properties of phenolic compounds and their effect on oxidative stress induced by severe physical exercise. Journal of Physiological Sciences, 72(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-022-00845-1
Mostafa, H., Airouyuwa, J. O., & Maqsood, S. (2022). A novel strategy for producing nano-particles from date seeds and enhancing their phenolic content and antioxidant properties using ultrasound-assisted extraction: A multivariate based optimization study. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 87(December 2021), 106017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106017
Newsholme, P., Keane, K. N., Carlessi, R., & Cruzat, V. (2019). Oxidative stress pathways in pancreatic β-cells and insulin-sensitive cells and tissues: Importance to cell metabolism, function, and dysfunction. American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology, 317(3), C420–C433. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00141.2019
Notoatmodjo, S. (2022). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan (3rd ed.). Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Polidori, M. C., & Mecocci, P. (2022). Modeling the dynamics of energy imbalance: The free radical theory of aging and frailty revisited. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 181(December 2021), 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.009
Qiu, Y., Fernández-García, B., Lehmann, H. I., Li, G., Kroemer, G., López-Otín, C., & Xiao, J. (2023). Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 12(1), 8–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.003
Rodrigues, M., Kosaric, N., Bonham, C. A., & Gurtner, G. C. (2019). Wound healing: A cellular perspective. Physiological Reviews, 99(1), 665–706. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00067.2017
Rustanti, N., Nafsih, V. Z., Avisha, R. N., Kurniawati, D. M., Purwanti, R., Nissa, C., Wijayanti, H. S., & Afifah, D. N. (2019). Pengaruh yoghurt dan soyghurt kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) terhadap kadar glukosa darah, insulin serum, dan malondialdehyde tikus pra sindrom metabolik. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia, 8(1), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.8.1.60-68
Silina, E. V., Stupin, V. A., Abramov, I. S., Bolevich, S. B., Deshpande, G., Achar, R. R., & Sinelnikova, T. G. (2022). Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Processes in Tumor and Non-Tumor Obstructive Jaundice: Influence of Disease Duration, Severity and Surgical Treatment on Outcomes. Pathophysiology, 29(1), 32–51. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology29010005
Suwarno, B., & Nugroho, A. (2023). Kumpulan Variabel-Variabel Penelitian Manajemen Pemasaran (Definisi & Artikel Publikasi) (1st ed.). Bogor: Halaman Moeka Publishing.
Tamariz-Ellemann, A., Wickham, K. A., Nørregaard, L. B., Gliemann, L., & Hellsten, Y. (2023). The time is now: regular exercise maintains vascular health in ageing women. Journal of Physiology, 601(11), 2085–2098. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP282896
Verhaegen, D., Smits, K., Osório, N., & Caseiro, A. (2022). Oxidative Stress in Relation to Aging and Exercise. Encyclopedia, 2(3), 1545–1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2030105
Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., Djousse, L., Elkind, M. S. V., Ferguson, J. F., Fornage, M., Khan, S. S., Kissela, B. M., Knutson, K. L., Kwan, T. W., Lackland, D. T., … Tsao, C. W. (2020). Heart disease and stroke statistics—2020 update a report from the American Heart Association. In Circulation (Vol. 141, Issue 9). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal La Medihealtico
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
