Learning Innovations in Enhancing Teachers' Emotional and Spiritual Skills

Yurni Rahman

Yurni Rahman Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo

Keywords: Learning Innovatio, Emotional Intelligence, Spiritual Intelligence Learning, Quality, Classroom Management

Abstract

This study explores how learning innovations centered on emotional and spiritual intelligence contribute to the development of teachers’ professional capacities in elementary schools in Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia. Recognizing that effective teaching requires more than content mastery, the research examines how emotional regulation, moral presence, and spiritual clarity can be fostered through intentional pedagogical practices. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis involving teachers from five elementary schools actively engaged in related training programs. The findings reveal that when teachers cultivate emotional and spiritual competencies, they experience enhanced self-regulation, deeper relational engagement with students, and a renewed sense of ethical purpose in their teaching. However, the integration of these competencies is often impeded by systemic barriers, including time constraints, limited institutional support, and the dominance of academically reductive policy frameworks. The study argues for a reorientation of teacher development and school culture that recognizes emotional and spiritual intelligence not as supplementary skills but as foundational dimensions of transformative teaching. By foregrounding the lived experiences of teachers, this research contributes to broader discussions on holistic education, character formation, and the ethical renewal of pedagogical practice.

References

Abiddin, N. Z., Omar, R., & Saroni, M. (2024). Cultivating Empathy and Environmental Stewardship: Harnessing the Partnerships of Parents, Teachers and Communities for Sustainable Moral Development and Social Cohesion. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(8), 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n8-052

Ahmad, E. P., & Chalid, H. (2025). The Impact of Integrating Outdoor Education-Based Learning in the Elementary Education Curriculum on Students' Emotional Intelligence. International Journal of Curriculum Development, Teaching and Learning Innovation, 3(2), 35-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/curriculum.v3i2.213

Aithal, P. S. (2025). Holistic Education Redefined: Integrating STEM with Arts, Environment, Spirituality, and Sports through the Seven-Factor/Saptha-Mukhi Student Development Model. Poornaprajna International Journal of Management, Education & Social Science (PIJMESS), 2(1), 1-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15349007

Alamin, Z., Lukman, L., Missouri, R., Annafi, N., Mutmainah, S., Khairunnas, K., & Fathir, F. (2023). Pelatihan Guru Paud Dalam Penggunaan Aplikasi Edukasi Interaktif Untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran. Taroa Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1), 45–56. Https://Doi.Org/10.52266/Taroa.V2i1.2616

Al-Shoubaki, N. H. (2024). Effectiveness of educational training courses aimed at developing spiritual intelligence and reducing anxiety and depressive disorders among students. Perspektivy Nauki i Obrazovania, 69, 532-45. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2024.3.32

Amerstorfer, C. M., & Freiin von Münster-Kistner, C. (2021). Student perceptions of academic engagement and student-teacher relationships in problem-based learning. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 713057. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713057

Andrei, O. (2023). Enhancing religious education through emotional and spiritual intelligence. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 79(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.7887

Anggrella, D. P., Rahmasiwi, A., Suyatman, S., & Sudrajat, A. K. (2024). Sosialisasi Dan Pelatihan Pendekatan Interdisipliner Pada Pembelajaran IPAS Di Pendidikan Dasar. Kacanegara Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat, 7(3), 269. Https://Doi.Org/10.28989/Kacanegara.V7i3.2204

Azis, S. N. (2021). Tingkat Kecerdasan, Perilaku Belajar, Dan Kompetensi Dosen Dalam Peningkatan Pemahaman Akuntansi (Sarana Pendidikan Sebagai Pemoderasi). Jak (Jurnal Akuntansi) Kajian Ilmiah Akuntansi, 8(2), 142–158. Https://Doi.Org/10.30656/Jak.V8i2.2540

Bozek, C. (2025). Lived Narratives of Educators: Emotional Intelligence for DEI in Early Adolescent Classrooms (Doctoral dissertation, The Claremont Graduate University).

Chakkaravarthy, M., & Bhaumik, A. (2025). Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Styles on Employees' Job Performance: A Review Paper. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research for SMET (JMR-SMET), 1(1), 40-57. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9188-2269

Farras, M. H., Rahmawati, A., Samudra, A. L. W. P., Azizi, H., Arimbi, A. F., & Alqorni, W. (2025). The Role of Parents in Handling Children Challenges of Modern Times. Bulletin of Islamic Research, 3(1), 153-164.

Giawa, S., & Telaumbanua, A. (2023). Urgensi Kecerdasan Emosional Dalam Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Demokratis Oleh Guru Di Era Digital. Tevunah Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen, 1(2), 115–136. Https://Doi.Org/10.59361/Tevunah.V1i2.9

Haryanto, S. (2023). Urgensi Kecerdasan Spiritual Dalam Pencegahan Stres Pendekatan Bimbingan Dan Konseling. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(6), 8000–8008. Https://Doi.Org/10.31004/Obsesi.V7i6.5904

Hilda, E. M. (2023). Membangun Koneksi Emosional: Pentingnya Hubungan Guru-Murid Dalam Proses Pembelajaran. Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran Di Sekolah, 4(2), 241–245. Https://Doi.Org/10.51874/Jips.V4i2.100

Indianto, W., Anriva, D. H., & Hardilawati, W. L. (2020). The Influence Of Emotional Intelligence, Learning Facilities, And Lecturer Competences On Academic Achievement Of Accounting Students. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Ekonomika, 10(2), 281–289. Https://Doi.Org/10.37859/Jae.V10i2.2345

Jenaabadi, H., & Azarian, A. (2023). The Effectiveness of Emotional Social Learning Training on Students' Academic well-being and Spiritual Health. Iranian Evolutionary Educational Psychology Journal, 5(1), 12-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/ieepj.5.1.12

Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of educational research, 79(1), 491-525.

Kamaruddin, I., Susanto, N., Hita, I. P. A. D., Pratiwi, E. Y. R., Abidin, D., & Laratmase, A. J. (2023). Analysis Of The Influence Physical Education On Character Development Of Elementary School Students. At Ta Dib, 18(1), 10–17. Https://Doi.Org/10.21111/Attadib.V18i1.9749

Kamboj, K. P., & Garg, P. (2021). Teachers' psychological well-being role of emotional intelligence and resilient character traits in determining the psychological well-being of Indian school teachers. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(4), 768-788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2019-0278

Karyawati, K., Suja, I. W., & Sudiatmika, A. A. I. A. R. (2022). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Dan Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia Siswa Sma. Jppii, 12(3), 129–139. Https://Doi.Org/10.23887/Jppii.V12i3.54496

Li, X., Bergin, C., & Olsen, A. A. (2022). Positive teacher-student relationships may lead to better teaching. Learning and Instruction, 80, 101581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101581

Lubis, W. H., Gurning, B. F., & Yus, A. (2023). Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Emosional Anak Melalui Gaya Belajar Kooperatif Di Sekolah Dasar. Geci, 1(2), 93–97. Https://Doi.Org/10.47709/Geci.V1i2.3178

Ma, Q., & Wang, F. (2022). The role of students’ spiritual intelligence in enhancing their academic engagement: A theoretical review. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 857842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.857842

Mustafa, P. S., & Sugiharto, S. (2020). Keterampilan Motorik Pada Pendidikan Jasmani Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Gerak Seumur Hidup. Sporta Saintika, 5(2), 199–218. Https://Doi.Org/10.24036/Sporta.V5i2.133

Norito, T. B., Putri, S. A. R., Putra, D. D., & Fajar, M. (2022). Penerapan Cooperative Learning Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Gerak Dasar Pada Siswa Usia 7-8 Tahun. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), 3889–3900. Https://Doi.Org/10.31004/Obsesi.V6i5.2507

Nur’aini, N., & Hamzah, H. (2023). Kecerdasan Emosional, Intelektual, Spiritual, Moral Dan Sosial Relevansinya Dengan Pendidikan Agama Islam Perspektif Al-Qur’An. Jurnal Educatio Fkip Unma, 9(4), 1783–1790. Https://Doi.Org/10.31949/Educatio.V9i4.5867

Parhati, L. N., Zulijah, S., & Nugroho, M. T. (2022). Peran Guru PAI Dalam Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Dan Emosional Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar. Journal Of Elementary Educational Research, 2(2), 121–129. Https://Doi.Org/10.30984/Jeer.V2i2.285

Rahayuningsih, T. (2024). Analisis Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Siswa Kelas 2 SD Negeri 4 Jono Dalam Berinteraksi Dengan Teman Sebaya. JGSD, 1(3), 19–26. Https://Doi.Org/10.70277/Jgsd.V1i3.3

Rahman, F., & Maulidi, A. (2024). Peran Guru Aqidah Akhlak Dalam Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Spiritual Siswa Di MA Ahlussunnah Waljama’ah Desa Ambunten Timur. Classroom, 1(1), 55–66. Https://Doi.Org/10.61166/Classroom.V1i1.6

Ratana, M., & Kaluge, L. (2023). Dampak Kedisiplinan Belajar Dan Peran Guru Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa SMP. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru, 5(3), 587–599. Https://Doi.Org/10.23887/Jippg.V5i3.51738

Romadoni, M. M. Y., Elmas, M. S. H., & Yatiningrum, A. (2023). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional, Kecerdasan Spiritual, Dan Mutasi Karyawan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada CV. Putra Manalagi Kota Probolinggo. Jumad Journal Management Accounting & Digital Business, 1(2), 291–300. Https://Doi.Org/10.51747/Jumad.V1i2.1388

Rosadi, K. I., Musyaffa, A. A., Anwar, K., El Widdah, M., & Idarianty, M. F. (2024). Strengthening emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and school culture on student character. Religion, Education, Science and Technology towards a More Inclusive and Sustainable Future, 90-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2194564

Sampetan, S. (2023). Peran Kecerdasan Spiritual Dan Kecerdasan Emosional Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah), 6(1), 981–988. Https://Doi.Org/10.36778/Jesya.V6i1.1041

Sari, N. P., Basyar, S., & Jatmiko, A. (2024). The Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Model in Islamic Religious Education to Develop Students' Emotional Intelligence. Bulletin of Science Education, 4(1), 122-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.51278/bse.v4i1.986

Sari, Y. Y., Ulfani, D. P., Ramos, M., & Padli. (2024). Pentingnya Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga Terhadap Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Tunas Pendidikan, 6(2), 478–488. Https://Doi.Org/10.52060/Pgsd.V6i2.1657

Saroyan, J. S. (2021). Developing a supportive peer environment: Engaging students through cooperative skills in the classroom. Advances in Developmental and Educational Psychology, 3(1), 81-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/ADEP.2021.01.001

Sekreter, G. (2019). Emotional intelligence as a vital indicator of teacher effectiveness. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(3), 286-302. https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v5i3p286

Siddiqui, A. A. (2025). The Importance of Emotional Intelligence in the Classroom. European Journal of Education Science, 1(1), 10-27. https://doi.org/10.61132/digitalinnovation.v2i2.325

Silaen, L. T. B. (2022). Pengaruh Kompetensi Dan Independensi Auditor Terhadap Kualitas Audit Dengan Kecerdasan Emosional Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. JISMA: J. Ilmu Sos. Manajemen, Dan Akunt., 1(4), 639–650. Https://Doi.Org/10.59004/Jisma.V1i4.212

Suherman, A., Yuhana, Y., Fathurrohman, M., Muhyidin, A., Abidin, R. Z., & Kusuma, R. P. (2023). Strategi Pengembangan Diri: Inovasi Dunia Pendidikan Indonesia - Sebuah Review Literasi. Buana Ilmu, 8(1), 106–117. Https://Doi.Org/10.36805/Bi.V8i1.6007

Suhifatullah, M. I., Sutarman, S., & Thoyib, M. (2021). Character education strategies in improving students' spiritual intelligence. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 8(2), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v8n2.1350

Suryati, N., & Salehudin, M. (2021). Program Bimbingan Dan Konseling Untuk Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Dan Emosional Siswa. Edukatif Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(2), 578–588. Https://Doi.Org/10.31004/Edukatif.V3i2.349

Susanti, R., & Nukman, M. (2024). Emotional Intelligence in Islamic Religious Education Learning: Approach, Implementation, and Impact on Student Character Development. Journal of Education and Computer Applications, 1(2), 21-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.69693/jeca.v1i2.16

Usman, M., & Zainuddin, M. (2021). The Exemplary Approach of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Fostering Emotional Spiritual Quotient. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(3), 2621-2630. http://dx.doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i3.644

Utami, N. R., & Novitasari, K. (2022). Konstruk Dimensi Kecerdasan Emosional Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun. G-Couns Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 7(01), 137–149. Https://Doi.Org/10.31316/Gcouns.V7i01.4385

Wardani, H., Adibah, F. Z. N., & Sugiyarti, D. (2024). Sikap Kepemimpinan Dan Percaya Diri Sebagai Manifestasi Kecerdasan Emosional Anak Usia Dini. Scholarly Journal Of Elementary School, 4(2), 116–127. Https://Doi.Org/10.21137/Sjes.2024.4.2.3

Wijayanti, T., Suhartono, S., & Juhana, J. (2021). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Kemandirian Belajar Terhadap Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar. Edukatif Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(4), 1953–1961. Https://Doi.Org/10.31004/Edukatif.V3i4.1048

Zaputra, C., Idris, M., & Hamzah, M. (2022). Analisis Kepuasan Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi Dan Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Kecamatan Bacukiki Barat Kota Parepare. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 11(2), 106–113. Https://Doi.Org/10.37476/Jbk.V11i2.3086

Zheng, F. (2022). Fostering students’ well-being: The mediating role of teacher interpersonal behavior and student-teacher relationships. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 796728. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.796728