Developing a Career Guidance Model Project-Based Learning Assisted by Peer Assessment to Enhance Gen Z's Career Maturity

Florencia Valentine Tandirerung; Rita Eka Izzaty; Dina Gasong; Nur Sholihin

doi:10.37899/journallaedusci.v7i5.5759

Florencia Valentine Tandirerung Faculty of Education, Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia
Rita Eka Izzaty Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia
Dina Gasong Christian University of Indonesia
Nur Sholihin Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37899/journallaedusci.v7i5.5759

Keywords: Career Guidance, Generation Z, Career Maturity, Peer Assessment, Project-Based Learning

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a project-based learning and peer assessment career guidance model that is feasible, practical, and effective in enhancing the career maturity of Generation Z students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model. It was conducted at SMK Kristen Pelangi Makale, Tana Toraja, involving Grade 11 Heavy Equipment Engineering students. Participants included 2 students in the individual trial, 10 in the small-group trial, and 135 in the field trial (80 experimental and 55 control). Feasibility and practicality were evaluated using expert and student questionnaires, while effectiveness was measured using a validated career maturity instrument (validity = 92.09%; Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.910). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, N-Gain, paired samples t-test, and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The model was rated highly feasible by model experts (87.69%) and subject-matter experts (91.67%). Practicality was also high across the individual (87.78%), small-group (86.67%), and field trials (87.19%). Effectiveness testing showed a moderate N-Gain (0.60), significant improvement in the small-group trial (p = 0.002), and significant improvement in the experimental group (p < 0.001), whereas the control group showed no significant change (p = 0.065). The developed model provides an active, contextual, and effective career guidance approach that enhances the career maturity of Generation Z students.

References

Arikunto, S. (2013). Prosedur penelitian suatu pendekatan praktik. RINEKA CIPTA.

Bakke, I. B., Haug, E. H., & Hooley, T. (2018). Moving from information provision to co-careering: Integrated guidance as a new approach to e-guidance in Norway. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling, 41(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.20856/jnicec.4108

Basid, R. A., & Nisya, D. A. (2024). The impact of self-efficacy on career choices of Generation Z: The mediating role of decision-making difficulties in DKI Jakarta. Jurnal manajemen bisnis, 11(2), 1667-1678. https://doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v11i2.927

Bhardwaj, V., Zhang, S., Tan, Y. Q., & Pandey, V. (2025, February). Redefining learning: student-centered strategies for academic and personal growth. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 10, p. 1518602). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1518602

Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. Boston, MA: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6

Cimperman, M., Brenčič, M. M., & Trkman, P. (2016). Analyzing older users’ home telehealth services acceptance behavior—applying an Extended UTAUT model. International journal of medical informatics, 90, 22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.03.002

Dancy, D. (2023). Lived experiences of job-hopping millennials during the COVID-19 Pandemic (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).

Darwin, M. R., Mustia, A. I., & Nurrofifah, H. (2025). Career Maturity In The Digital Age: Challenges And Solutions For Guidance Services In High Schools. Coution: Journal Counseling and Education, 6(1), 01-08. https://doi.org/10.47453/coution.v6i1.2751

Fahadayna, A. C., Widodo, A. S., Adila, I., Brata, A. H., & Panjaitan, M. A. P. (2025). The stage of adolescence transition: analysing the competitiveness and employability of Generation Z in Indonesia. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 30(1), 2458709. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2025.2458709

Falco, L. D., & Steen, S. (2018). Using school-based career development to support college and career readiness: An integrative review. Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation, 1(1), 51-67.

Fauzi, A., & Respati, D. K. (2021). Development of Students' Critical Thinking Skills through Guided Discovery Learning (GDL) and Problem-Based Learning Models (PBL) in Accountancy Education. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 95, 210-226.

Ghazali, A., Khalid, N. M., Yahya, A. N., & Harrington, I. (2024). Career maturity and intervention strategies: A bibliometric approach. Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies, 9(28), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v9i28.445

Guo, L. (2025). Unsettled horizon: adolescents’ career expectations in the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous contexts. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 950. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05298-6

Haling, A., Kasim, M., Nurhikmah, N. H., Anas, M., & Ramli, A. M. (2023). Counseling program based on android as digital consultation media. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 7(2), 283-293. https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v7i2.53906

Hooley, T., & Rice, S. (2019). Ensuring quality in career guidance: A critical review. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 47(4), 472-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1480012

Ismail, M. S., Abdullah, S. S., Mohamad, M. Z., & Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W. (2018). Student’s career maturity: Implications on career counselling. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(4), 887-897.

Ismanto, H. S., & Budiman, M. A. (2026). Integrating Inquiry-Based Learning into Guidance and Counseling Instruction: An Innovative Pedagogical Approach in Teacher Education. G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 10(02), 1552-1561. https://doi.org/10.31316/g-couns.v10i02.8730

Kurniawan, D., & Sya'roni, D. A. W. (2025, June). The influence of Generation Z to unemployment in Indonesia start up. In Proceeding of International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities (Vol. 8, pp. 297-306). https://doi.org/10.34010/icobest.v8i.702

Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D. (2020). Career decision making, fast and slow: Toward an integrative model of intervention for sustainable career choice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, 103448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103448

Maree, K. (2025). Career counselling framework for sustainable career trajectories Anthropocene: Intervention with a gifted disadvantaged youth. Gifted Education International, 41(2), 301-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/02614294251318191

Nadila, A. P., & Mukhlis, A. (2025). The Effect of the Guidance and Counseling Service Unit on the Career Maturity of Students at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Malang City. Al-fahim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 7(1), 239-251. https://doi.org/10.54396/alfahim.v7i1.1888

Nahdhiah, U., Ihsan, M. A. N., Mariani, S., & Mashfufah, A. (2024). Anti-bullying education media innovation through local culture-based bilingual audio e-comic for elementary school students. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 8(4), 813-822. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v8i4.86733

Okolie, U. C., Nwajiuba, C. A., Binuomote, M. O., Ehiobuche, C., Igu, N. C. N., & Ajoke, O. S. (2020). Career training with mentoring programs in higher education: Facilitating career development and employability of graduates. Education+ training, 62(3), 214-234. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2019-0071

Puspitasari, D. R., Ariani, D., Pangestu, D. R., Purwanto, D., & Amaliyah, F. (2025). Career Guidance Media in Vocational High Schools: A Literature Review of Its Role in Enhancing Students' Career Readiness. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(3), 1322-1345. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v6i3.1207

Putra, R. H., & Dewi, A. S. (2025). Generation Z and the reality of employment in Indonesia: A problematic portrait of the youngest workforce. Priviet Social Sciences Journal, 5(12), 352-360. https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i12.781

Rada, W., Tawir, L. A., Suci, S., Putri, N. A., Tawakkal, N. A., & Ely, R. (2026). The role of career guidance and counseling services in helping learners identify their interests and talents. Golden Ratio of Data in Summary, 6(2), 44-57. https://doi.org/10.52970/grdis.v6i2.2035

Rafiq, A. A., Triyono, M. B., & Djatmiko, I. W. (2023). The integration of inquiry and problem-based learning and its impact on increasing the vocational student involvement. International Journal of Instruction, 16(1), 659-684.

Rahayu, W. P., Hidayatin, H., & Churiyah, M. (2020). Development of a project-based learning assessment system to improve students’ competence. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (JPEB), 8(2), 86-101. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPEB.008.2.1

Rocha, T., Mendes, C., & Wardhani, W. D. L. (2025). Assess the impact of a project-based learning approach on the development of 21st century skills. Lingeduca: Journal of Language and Education Studies, 4(1), 32-41.

Sadalia, A. R., Nurqamar, I. F., Rahma, N. S., Sari, A., Mutmainna, N., & Andini, M. D. (2026). Decoding Personal Goals of Indonesian Gen Z: Insights from Big Five Personality and Social Cognitive Career Theory. Business Management Analysis Journal (BMAJ), 9(1), 101-124. https://doi.org/10.24176/bmaj.v9i1.16622

Saraiva, M., & Nogueiro, T. (2025). Perspectives and realities of disengagement among younger generation Y and Z workers in contemporary work dynamics. Administrative Sciences, 15(4), 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15040133

Sofiana, A., & Basuki, A. (2021). Development of Bowling Career Media to Improve Students’ Understanding toward Career Exploration. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(2), 1325-1334.

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kualitatif (Untuk penelitian Yang bersifat: eksploratif, enterpretif, interaktif dan konstruktif). Bandung: Alfabeta.

Sukackė, V., Guerra, A. O. P. D. C., Ellinger, D., Carlos, V., Petronienė, S., Gaižiūnienė, L., ... & Brose, A. (2022). Towards active evidence-based learning in engineering education: A systematic literature review of PBL, PjBL, and CBL. Sustainability, 14(21), 13955. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142113955

Sulistyorini, N., Puspitasari, D., Khasanah, A., & Perdhana, M. S. (2024). Expectations of generation z in the world of work towards a golden Indonesia 2045. Research Horizon, 4(4), 275-280. https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.4.4.2024.336

Tetteh, I., Spaulding, A., & Ptukhina, M. (2021). Understanding the job-hopping syndrome among millennial employees in the US food and agribusiness sector: a national survey. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 24(1), 89-104. https://doi.org/0.22434/IFAMR2020.0001

Vorsah, R. E., & Oginni, R. (2025). Bridging scientific conceptual understanding and professional development through evidence-based instructional methodologies. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 25(2), 2665-2680.

Wang, D., & Wang, G. (2025). Improving career readiness in middle school students: a systematic review of intervention approaches. Frontiers in psychology, 16, 1582195. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1582195

Wang, X. M., Yu, X. H., Hwang, G. J., & Hu, Q. N. (2023). An online progressive peer assessment approach to project-based learning: A constructivist perspective. Educational technology research and development, 71(5), 2073-2101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10257-6

Zhang, D., & Hwang, G. J. (2023). Effects of interaction between peer assessment and problem-solving tendencies on students’ learning achievements and collaboration in mobile technology-supported project-based learning. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 61(1), 208-234. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331221094250