Legal Analysis of Land Certification Policy from the Perspective of Legal Certainty of Land Rights
Abstract
This study aims to analyze land certification policies in order to realize legal certainty of land rights, with a focus on the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program in Raas District, Sumenep Regency. The method used in this study is a normative juridical method with a legislative and conceptual approach. Data sources were obtained from primary legal materials such as the Basic Agrarian Law, Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997, and Regulation of the Minister of ATR/BPN No. 6 of 2018, supported by secondary legal materials in the form of scientific journals, books, and reports from related agencies. The results of the study indicate that the PTSL program has been normatively designed to provide legal protection for community land rights, however, its implementation in Raas District is still faced with various obstacles. These include low community participation, limited ownership documents, land boundary issues, and a lack of community legal understanding. Although the policy is aligned with the principle of legal certainty, its effectiveness is hampered by the lack of resources, infrastructure, and accessibility in the island region. This indicates a gap between legal norms and social reality. This study recommends the need to strengthen inter-institutional coordination, increase land service capacity, and provide ongoing legal outreach to ensure equitable and just legal certainty for communities in remote areas.
References
Amadi-Echendu, A. P., & Amadi-Echendu, J. E. (2016, September). A study on data and information integration for conveyancing, cadastre and land registry automation. In 2016 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) (pp. 804-814). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.2016.7806611
Asdhar, M. (2008). Pelaksanaan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance Terhadap Pemberian Hak Atas Tanah di Kabupaten Enrekang (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Hasanuddin).
Baldacchino, G. (2006). Innovative development strategies from non-sovereign island jurisdictions? A global review of economic policy and governance practices. World development, 34(5), 852-867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.10.004
Chandra, A. (2011). A deliberate inclusive policy (DIP) approach for coastal resources governance: a Fijian perspective. Coastal Management, 39(2), 175-197.
Degens, P. (2021). Towards sustainable property? Exploring the entanglement of ownership and sustainability. Social Science Information, 60(2), 209-229. https://doi.org/10.1177/05390184211011437
Deininger, K., & Feder, G. (2009). Land registration, governance, and development: Evidence and implications for policy. The World Bank Research Observer, 24(2), 233-266. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkp007
Deininger, K., Ali, D. A., & Alemu, T. (2011). Impacts of land certification on tenure security, investment, and land market participation: evidence from Ethiopia. Land Economics, 87(2), 312-334. https://doi.org/10.3368/le.87.2.312
Erwiningsih, W. (2023). Enhancing Legal Certainty in Land Collateral: Bridging Regulatory Gaps, Mitigating Vulnerabilities, and Promoting Credit Access in Indonesia. Croatian International Relations Review, 29(93), 26-49.
Feder, G., & Nishio, A. (1998). The benefits of land registration and titling: economic and social perspectives. Land use policy, 15(1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8377(97)00039-2
Fortin, E., & Richardson, B. (2013). Certification schemes and the governance of land: enforcing standards or enabling scrutiny?. Globalizations, 10(1), 141-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2013.760910
Fuad, F., Tardjono, H., Machmud, A., Rohayah, N., & Maghucu, P. (2023). Ownership of Land: Legal Philosophy and Culture Analysis of Land Property Rights. Jurnal Media Hukum, 30(2), 98-116. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v30i2.18264
Haspada, D. (2025). The Legal Validity of Electronic Certificates as Evidence of Legitimate Land Ownership. European Journal of Law and Political Science, 4(2), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2025.4.2.169
Hersperger, A. M., Grădinaru, S., Oliveira, E., Pagliarin, S., & Palka, G. (2019). Understanding strategic spatial planning to effectively guide development of urban regions. Cities, 94, 96-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.05.032
Ismail, N. (2012). Arah politik hukum pertanahan dan perlindungan kepemilikan tanah masyarakat. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 1(1), 33-51. https://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v1i1.105
Kalogiannidis, S., Kalfas, D., Papaevangelou, O., Chatzitheodoridis, F., Katsetsiadou, K. N., & Lekkas, E. (2024). Integration of climate change strategies into policy and planning for regional development: a case study of Greece. Land, 13(3), 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13030268
Karelakis, C., Loizou, E., Chatzitheodoridis, F., & Mattas, K. (2020). Assessing policy impacts on the economy of European insular rural regions: the case of the smaller Aegean islands programme. European Planning Studies, 28(9), 1771-1789. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1687655
Klabatina, E. (2024). Tinjauan Yuridis Penyelesaian Sengketa Pada Penguasaan Tanah Bersertifikat Ganda (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang).
Lambin, E. F., Meyfroidt, P., Rueda, X., Blackman, A., Börner, J., Cerutti, P. O., ... & Wunder, S. (2014). Effectiveness and synergies of policy instruments for land use governance in tropical regions. Global environmental change, 28, 129-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.007
McDermott, C. L. (2013). Certification and equity: Applying an “equity framework” to compare certification schemes across product sectors and scales. Environmental Science & Policy, 33, 428-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.06.008
Mengesha, A. K., Mansberger, R., Damyanovic, D., & Stoeglehner, G. (2019). Impact of land certification on sustainable land use practices: case of Gozamin District, Ethiopia. Sustainability, 11(20), 5551. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205551
Miptahuddin, C. (2024). The Problem of Ownership of Land Rights is Reviewed Based on the Law and Government Regulations. Advances In Social Humanities Research, 2(5), 784-803. https://doi.org/10.46799/adv.v2i5.250
Murni, C. S., & Sulaiman, S. (2022). Sertifikat Hak Milik Atas Tanah Merupakan Tanda Bukti Hak Kepemilikan Tanah. Lex Librum, 8(2), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.46839/lljih.v8i2.370
Mutersbaugh, T. (2005). Fighting standards with standards: harmonization, rents, and social accountability in certified agrofood networks. Environment and Planning A, 37(11), 2033-2051. https://doi.org/10.1068/a37369
Nathania, N. R., Ismail, Z. A. Z., & Ulum, M. R. (2024). Solusi Mengatasi Krisis Tanah Dan Pentingnya Pendaftaran Tanah Di Indonesia Dalam Mewujudkan Kepastian Hukum. Management, Economics, Trade, and Accounting Journal (META-JOURNAL), 2(2), 45-52.
Nurhikmah, N., Hafidz, M. R., & Arief, A. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pemilik Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah Yang Menjadi Objek Sengketa. Journal of Lex Theory (JLT), 5(1), 204-222.
Pangaribuan, M., Simanungkalit, D., Sinaga, E., Hutapea, N., Harahap, P., Mikael, G., & Nababan, R. (2024). Kepastian Hukum dalam Tanah adat dan UUPA yang mengatur Mengenai Tanah Adat. Jaksa: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik, 2(1), 276-286. https://doi.org/10.51903/jaksa.v2i1.1576
Putra, T. M. (2021). Analisa Yuridis Penyimpangan Penegakan Hukum Pada Konflik Lahan Di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Arena Hukum, 14(1), 42-66. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2021.01401.3
Rahmadhani, A. N., Jafar, F., Aida, N., Saputera, A., Saffah, A. M. A., & Fauzan, A. (2024). Membangun Masyarakat Adil dan Makmur dalam Perspektif Pancasila: Building a Just and Prosperous Society from a Pancasila Perspective. Journal of Marginal Social Research, 1(1), 18-25.
Razavi, S. (2003). Introduction: Agrarian change, gender and land rights. Journal of Agrarian change, 3(1‐2), 2-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0366.00049
Simanjuntak, T. E., Situmeang, J. O. M., Riyadi, A. P., Ardiansah, M. D., & Alifah, A. S. A. N. (2025). Legal Certainty of Written Evidence of Land Formerly Owned by Indigenous Communities in Land Registration in Indonesia. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5(4), 2369-2380. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i4.1403
Suleman, S., & Arfan, A. (2024). Inheritance Transitioning to Gift in The Issuance of Land Certificates: an Islamic Legal Perspective. NUKHBATUL'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam, 10(1), 118-137. https://doi.org/10.36701/nukhbah.v10i1.1375
Tesfaye, B., Lengoiboni, M., Zevenbergen, J., & Simane, B. (2023). Rethinking the impact of land certification on tenure security, land disputes, land management, and agricultural production: insights from South Wello, Ethiopia. Land, 12(9), 1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12091713
van Straalen, F. M., Janssen-Jansen, L. B., & van den Brink, A. (2014). Delivering planning objectives through regional-based land-use planning and land policy instruments: An assessment of recent experiences in the Dutch provinces. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 32(3), 567-584. https://doi.org/10.1068/c1277
Velaoras, K., Menegaki, A. N., Polyzos, S., & Gotzamani, K. (2025). The role of environmental certification in the hospitality industry: Assessing sustainability, consumer preferences, and the economic impact. Sustainability, 17(2), 650. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020650
Wittman, H. (2009). Reframing agrarian citizenship: Land, life and power in Brazil. Journal of Rural Studies, 25(1), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.07.002
Yubaidi, R. S., Mohamad, M., & Abd Aziz, S. N. (2022). Land registration acceleration in Indonesia: A lesson-learned guideline from land registration issues in Malaysia. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 13(1), 155-174.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal La Sociale
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
