Journal La Sociale

Social Anxiety and Its Relationship with Social Media Addiction Among Adolescents and Young Adults

2026-08-21T15:32:58+00:00

This study is motivated by the increasing use of social media among adolescents and young adults, which may be associated with social anxiety. Individuals with social anxiety tend to avoid direct social interactions and prefer online communication, which may increase the risk of social media addiction. This study aims to examine the relationship between social anxiety and social media addiction among adolescents and young adults. This research used a quantitative method with a correlational design. The participants consisted of 434 adolescents and young adults who actively use social media. Data were collected using social anxiety and social media addiction scales and analyzed using correlation analysis. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between social anxiety and social media addiction with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.161 and a significance value of p < 0.05, indicating a weak relationship. In addition, most participants were categorized at a moderate level for both variables. These findings indicate that higher levels of social anxiety are associated with higher tendencies toward social media addiction, although the relationship is not strong. The implication of this study highlights the importance of individuals’ awareness in managing social media use to maintain a balance with direct social interactions.

Criminal Responsibility of Corporations in Criminal Actions of Environmental Pollution in Indonesia: A Case Study

2026-08-21T15:44:00+00:00

Corporate criminal liability in environmental pollution crimes in Indonesia. Corporations as subjects of criminal law have been recognized in Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH). However, the application of criminal sanctions against corporations still faces challenges, especially in proving guilt and the effectiveness of sanctions. This study aims to analyze the legal basis, forms of accountability, and obstacles in the implementation of corporate criminal law in the environmental sector. The research method used in this study is normative juridical (legal research), namely research that focuses on examining the application of rules or norms in law. positive prevailing. The results of the study were obtained based on a Court decision regarding environmental pollution. In this case, the corporation was sentenced to a fine and required to repair the environmental damage. This case is evidence that corporations can be held criminally responsible in Indonesia. This study found several obstacles in the implementation of corporate criminal liability such as 1) Proving the element of fault, it is difficult to prove the intent or negligence of the corporation. 2) The effectiveness of sanctions or fines is often not commensurate with the environmental damage caused., 3) the existence of conflicts of interest so that law enforcement is weak due to economic and political interests. Suggestions to legal institutions are the need to increase the capacity of investigators in forensic audits and corporate law, strengthening the internal oversight system in enforcing legal accountability.

Web-Based Student Academic Information System

2026-09-01T03:11:15+00:00

This research is aimed at designing and building a web-based academic information system for students in order to overcome data-management practices that are still carried out manually or through several disconnected applications. Such practices tend to trigger duplicated records, delayed grade reporting, limited access for students and parents, and report recaps that are slow and prone to error. These issues, in turn, lower the working efficiency of administrative staff and teachers who handle student data, grades, class schedules, and attendance, while also limiting the transparency of academic information for the parties involved. The system was developed following a waterfall approach consisting of requirements analysis, design through UML diagrams (use case, activity, and class diagrams), implementation using JavaScript and a MySQL database, and evaluation through black-box testing. Data were gathered by means of observation, interviews, and a review of relevant literature on the research object. Findings show that the resulting information system successfully offers features for managing student records, entering and processing grades, scheduling, recording attendance, and generating academic reports that students, teachers, and parents can reach online. The media-expert validation test returned a very favorable rating. Overall, the system helps streamline academic data management, speed up the delivery of information, and broaden transparency and accessibility of academic information for every stakeholder involved.

Indonesia’s Language Diplomacy as a Strategy for Status-Seeking and International Recognition

2026-09-16T02:45:45+00:00

Conventional theories of language diplomacy assume a relatively straightforward sequence: influence comes first, language follows. States with powerful economies, globally consumed cultures, or strategic geopolitical positions generate international demand for their languages. Indonesia presents a puzzling exception. Over the last two decades, Indonesia has actively promoted Bahasa Indonesia through the Bahasa Indonesia for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) program. By 2024, BIPA had expanded to more than 500 institutions in 55 countries and recorded approximately 183,000 active learners. Despite this growth, Bahasa Indonesia has yet to emerge as a major language of international business, diplomacy, science, or global popular culture. Why, then, has Indonesia continued to invest in language diplomacy? This article argues that the significance of language diplomacy lies not only in its outcomes but also in what it reveals about how states imagine their position in the international system. Rather than viewing language diplomacy as a product of influence, the study conceptualizes it as a strategy through which states attempt to project identity, claim international visibility, and pursue symbolic status. The Indonesian case challenges a dominant assumption within public diplomacy scholarship: that language promotion follows power. Instead, it suggests that language promotion may also reflect a state’s aspiration for power, recognition, and global relevance.

The Synergy of Strategic Leadership and State Defense Governance: A Literature Analysis of Civil–Military Relations Models

2026-09-17T05:54:25+00:00

In the contemporary era, Indonesia's national defense can no longer be understood merely as the deployment of military force; rather, it is a matter of strategic governance requiring policy coherence, inter-agency coordination, democratic accountability, and the ability to adapt to multidimensional threats. Current defense dynamics indicate that civil-military relations are relatively stable yet remain in a transitional phase, as the strengthening of civilian capacity, democratic oversight, and the clear delineation of civil-military roles have not yet fully matured. The central issue addressed in this paper is the lack of integration between studies of strategic leadership, public value governance, and civil-military relations in explaining the effectiveness of Indonesia's defense governance. The proposed solution is an integrative model that positions strategic leadership as the guiding force, civil-military relations as the connecting mechanism, and defense governance as the desired outcome. The paper concludes that Indonesia's defense reform must focus on strengthening strategic leadership, institutional civilian capacity, military professionalism, and parliamentary oversight, alongside fostering a defense governance system that is democratic, adaptive, and oriented toward public value.

The Collaborative Process in Innovating Informal Sector Worker Protection Programs

2026-09-18T03:21:30+00:00

Innovation is something the government must provide to the public to enhance service quality. Accordingly, the Makassar City Government and the Makassar branch of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (Social Security Agency for Employment) introduced an innovation known as the "Paraikatte Program" to address issues concerning informal sector workers in Makassar. The program's implementation involves third parties; therefore, an analysis is required to understand the collaborative process established to achieve the program's objectives. This study aims to analyze the collaborative process within the Paraikatte Program. It adopts Ansell and Gash’s Collaborative Governance theory, utilizing process indicators such as face-to-face dialogue, trust-building, commitment to the process, shared understanding, and intermediate outcomes. A qualitative, descriptive research method was employed, with primary data collected through interviews and observations, and secondary data obtained from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The findings indicate that the collaborative process facilitated through face-to-face dialogue involved the Makassar Manpower Office, the Makassar branch of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, and private companies. During these dialogues, the stakeholders built trust, commitment, and a shared understanding regarding the program's goals and their respective roles. As a result of this collaboration, 11 companies participated, providing social security coverage to 3,071 informal-sector workers. Overall, this collaboration reflects the dedication and commitment of the various parties involved to realizing more inclusive and effective protection for informal sector workers in Makassar City.

From Fiscal Asymmetry to Affirmative Basic-Service Delivery: Expenditure Performance and Spatial Coverage

2026-09-25T05:32:45+00:00

Special Autonomy (Otsus) establishes asymmetric fiscal arrangements intended to enhance basic services for Indigenous Papuans (OAP). However, high budget realization does not necessarily indicate affirmative service delivery or sufficient territorial coverage. This study evaluates Otsus implementation in education, health, and basic infrastructure in Jayapura City, assessing whether realized expenditure maintains an affirmative orientation toward OAP. A mixed-methods policy evaluation incorporates the 2025 Otsus Performance Report (LAPKIN), semi-structured interviews, and spatial mapping of service coverage. The Affirmative Basic Service Index (ABSI) serves as an expenditure-weighted measure of OAP-targeted realized expenditure, supported by diagnostic indicators of budget affirmation, targeting consistency, and financial execution. The results indicate strong overall financial execution, while ABSI reveals substantial but sectorally differentiated affirmative performance. Education exhibits the strongest beneficiary-specific orientation, health combines affirmative and broader public-service functions, and infrastructure demonstrates shared-benefit characteristics. Spatial mapping reveals relatively continuous program coverage in established urban areas and more dispersed patterns in peripheral and eastern territories. These findings indicate that fiscal execution, beneficiary affirmation, and territorial coverage are distinct yet complementary dimensions of asymmetric service delivery. Integrating ABSI with spatial coverage offers a more substantive framework for evaluating whether Special Autonomy translates differentiated fiscal resources into affirmatively targeted and territorially responsive basic services.

Long-Term Shoreline Dynamics and Their Implications for Coastal Spatial Management

2026-09-25T05:32:43+00:00

Coastal development increasingly takes place in environments where dynamic shoreline processes undermine the permanence of spatial planning and infrastructure. This research investigates long-term shoreline change along the Tanjung Pandan coast, Indonesia, and assesses its implications for coastal management, with Tanjung Pendam serving as a strategic urban waterfront. A quantitative spatial-descriptive methodology, combined with planning interpretation, was employed using multi-temporal shoreline data from 2000, 2013, and 2025. Abrasion and accretion were spatially delineated and proportionally quantified, while the Integrated City Planning framework was used to analyze coastal-management conditions and planning trajectories. Results indicate that abrasion constitutes 91.86% of the total mapped shoreline-change area, whereas accretion accounts for only 8.14%, revealing a significant imbalance in coastal transformation. At Tanjung Pendam, shoreline dynamics coincide with tidal flooding and spatially variable coastal protection, underscoring a gap between coastal mobility and relatively static planning decisions. The findings do not directly attribute observed shoreline change to sea-level rise but highlight its significance as a future adaptation factor. This research demonstrates that historical shoreline data can serve as a practical foundation for adaptive coastal spatial management by enhancing the integration of shoreline monitoring, spatial planning, and differentiated coastal-management strategies.

Collaborative Governance in Mitigating Environmental Health Impacts through Handling of ISPA in the Industrial Area

2026-09-28T04:04:27+00:00

The rapid expansion of the nickel processing industry in Morowali Regency has intensified environmental degradation and contributed to increasing cases of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) among local communities. This study analyzes the implementation of collaborative governance in addressing the environmental health impacts of industrial pollution in Bahodopi District, Morowali. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and documentation involving local government officials, health workers, corporate representatives, and community members. Data were analyzed using Ansell and Gash’s (2008) collaborative governance framework. The findings indicate that cross-sectoral collaboration remains suboptimal across four dimensions. First, the starting conditions are characterized by power asymmetry, limited government environmental inspectors, and persistent public distrust toward corporations. Second, facilitative leadership is largely driven by local authorities and health facilities, while strategic corporate leaders are often absent from conflict mediation. Third, institutional design remains fragmented, as no permanent multi-stakeholder forum specifically addresses ARI mitigation despite established medical reporting mechanisms. Fourth, the collaborative process shows progress through digital medical records and emission monitoring but is constrained by limited real-time data sharing and weak shared understanding with affected communities. Corporate CSR initiatives are therefore perceived as insufficiently addressing the core pollution problem. The study recommends establishing a permanent integrated ARI task force, linking real-time emission monitoring with health early-warning systems, and redirecting CSR toward substantive emission-control improvements.

Village Economies in the Era of Institutional Dualism: The Effectiveness of BUMDes and the Emerging Role of Merah Putih Cooperatives

2026-10-09T04:43:12+00:00

This study analyzes how Merah Putih Cooperatives (KMP) contribute to demand orchestration and institutional synergy with Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in several villages in Kupang and South Central Timor (TTS) Regencies. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with KMP administrators, BUMDes representatives, village heads, Village Consultative Bodies (BPD), facilitators, MSMEs, and community members. Data were analyzed thematically using institutional arrangements, resource orchestration, and collaborative governance frameworks. The findings show that the KMP pre-order model reduces stock mismatch, improves inventory turnover, minimizes stock-outs, and stabilizes cash flow. Clear role differentiation, in which BUMDes manages assets, operations, and service counters while KMP manages members, markets, distribution, and partnerships, helps transform potential channel conflicts into value-chain collaboration and reduce transaction costs. Simple reporting mechanisms and quarterly KPI monitoring strengthen transparency, participation, operational discipline, and institutional legitimacy. Risks related to dead stock, product returns, and payment terms can be mitigated through supply service-level agreements (SLAs) and concise memoranda of understanding (MoUs). For MSMEs, KMP improves market absorption certainty, product quality and packaging, and distribution scheduling. Contextual differences also shape implementation: TTS prioritizes supply and price stability, whereas Kupang emphasizes market aggregation and quality standardization. Overall, KMP has strong potential to improve village-level economic coordination when role boundaries, performance indicators, transparency, and contractual risk-management mechanisms are consistently maintained.