Improving Employee Motivation: Analysis of the Influence of Performance Appraisal System, Workload, and Compensation
Abstract
This research analyze the influence of the performance assessment system, workload, and compensation on employee motivation at KPP Pratama Jakarta XYZ. A quantitative approach with descriptive and explanatory design was was utilized to numerically assess the relationships among these variables and provide an overview of the current conditions in the research environment. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using statistical methods with the assistance of SPSS software. The results show that, partially, the performance assessment system has a positive but not significant influence on employee motivation. Workload has a significant negative influence, indicating that excessive work pressure can reduce motivation. On the other hand, compensation has a significant positive influence, demonstrating that financial and non-financial incentives play a vital role in enhancing motivation. Simultaneously, the three variables have a significant influence on employee motivation, contributing 26% to the variability of motivation. These findings underscore the importance of improving the performance assessment system and managing workload to enhance organizational effectiveness. Furthermore, providing optimal compensation is a critical strategy for motivating employees to achieve their best performance. This research offers insights for KPP Pratama Jakarta XYZ's management in designing more relevant and impactful policies to boost employee motivation and productivity.
References
Adams, J. S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequity. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(5), 422–436. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040968
Ali, B. J., & Anwar, G. (2021). An empirical study of employees’ motivation and its influence job satisfaction. Ali, BJ, & Anwar, G.(2021). An Empirical Study of Employees’ Motivation and its Influence Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management, 5(2), 21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.5.2.3
Amadi, J. M., Maduabuchi, E., & Rosemary, C. (2023). Antecedents Of Psychological Work Environment And Employees’ Productivity Performance In Organizations: A Theoretical Perspective. International Journal of Innovative Education Research, 11(4), 257-266.
Andreas, D. (2022). Employee performance: The effect of motivation and job satisfaction. PRODUKTIF: Jurnal Kepegawaian dan Organisasi, 1(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.37481/jko.v1i1.10
Arita, S., & Agustin, F. (2022). Pengaruh fasilitas kerja dan beban kerja terhadap motivasi kerja pegawai. Jurnal Ekuivalensi, 10(2).
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands‐resources model: State of the art. Journal of managerial psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
Barbieri, M., Micacchi, L., Vidè, F., & Valotti, G. (2023). The performance of performance appraisal systems: A theoretical framework for public organizations. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 43(1), 104-129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X211043560
Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.349
Bohórquez, E., Caiche, W., Benavides, V., & Benavides, A. (2021, October). Motivation and job performance: human capital as a key factor for organizational success. In International Conference of Technological Research (pp. 291-302). Cham: Springer International Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11295-9_21
Briones, M. (2023). The effect of workload and work stress on employees’ work motivation and productivity in a manufacturing company. International Journal of Research Publications. https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP10013411020235512
Budiarto, B. W., Karyadi, S., Judijanto, L., & Febrian, W. D. (2024). Analysis Of The Influence Of Spiritual Capital, Motivation And Work Competencies On Performance Of Human Resource In Smes Sector. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Akuntansi), 10(1), 240-246. https://doi.org/10.35870/jemsi.v10i1.1906
Caesar, K. K. (2018). The effect of performance appraisal on employee motivation in two publishing firms (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ashesi University College.
Delfino, G. F., & Van Der Kolk, B. (2021). Remote working, management control changes and employee responses during the COVID-19 crisis. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 34(6), 1376-1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-06-2020-4657
Gallup. (2023). State of the global workplace: Key insights on employee engagement and wellbeing. Gallup.
Herlambang, S., Sinaga, S., & Sihombing, N. (2022). Analisis pengaruh kompetensi, kompensasi dan beban kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan motivasi kerja sebagai variabel intervening pada PT PLN (Persero) UIP Sumbagut. Jurnal Prointegrita, 6(1), 182–202. https://doi.org/10.46930/jurnalprointegrita.v6i1.1502
Kim, J., & Jung, H. S. (2022). The effect of employee competency and organizational culture on employees’ perceived stress for better workplace. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4428. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084428
Kotera, Y., Green, P., & Sheffield, D. (2022). Positive psychology for mental wellbeing of UK therapeutic students: relationships with engagement, motivation, resilience and self-compassion. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(3), 1611-1626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00466-y
Kotera, Y., Mayer, C. H., & Vanderheiden, E. (2021). Cross-cultural comparison of mental health between German and South African employees: Shame, self-compassion, work engagement, and work motivation. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 627851. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627851
Lubis, F. M., Febrian, W. D., & Kusuma Wijaya, I. K. (2024). Exploration of Competency-Based Performance Management Practices in Driving Employee Career Development: A Case Study in the Financial Services Company. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting (DIJEFA), 5(2). https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v5i2.2639
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2007.0002.x
McHenry, L. K., Beasley, L., Zakrajsek, R. A., & Hardin, R. (2022). Mental performance and mental health services in sport: A call for interprofessional competence and collaboration. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 36(4), 520-528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2021.1963218
Mehta, A. K. (2014). Impact of performance appraisal system on employee motivation. Abhinav-International Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Management & Technology.
Mone, E., & London, M. (2018). Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315626529
Noviyanti, I., & Asmalah, L. (2023). the Influence of Work Discipline and Work Environment on Employee Performance. International Journal Management and Economic, 2(3), 28-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/ijme.v2i3.973
Nurmagustini, R., & Hidayat, H. (2019). Pengaruh sistem penilaian kinerja dan kompensasi terhadap motivasi kerja PNS. Journal of Applied Managerial Accounting, 3, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.30871/jama.v3i1.898
Oliveira, M., Andrade, J. R., Ratten, V., & Santos, E. (2023). Psychological empowerment for the future of work: Evidence from Portugal. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 42(5), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22194
Paroli, P. (2023). Optimizing Tax Apparatus Performance Management in Implementing a Modern Tax Administration System. Atestasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 6(2), 785-796. https://doi.org/10.57178/atestasi.v6i2.774
Pratiwi, R., & Arifin, A. (2023). The effects of financial compensation, non-financial compensation, and workload on employee performance with work motivation as a moderating variable. Proceedings of the International E-Conference on Management & Small Medium Enterprise, 1(1), 385–400.
Rizal, M., Idrus, M. S., Djumahir, & Mintarti, R. (2014). Effect of compensation on motivation, organizational commitment, and employee performance: Studies at local revenue management in Kendari City. [Unpublished manuscript].
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational behavior (17th ed.). Pearson.
Saraiva, M., & Nogueiro, T. (2025). Perspectives and Realities of Disengagement Among Younger Generation Y and Z Workers in Contemporary Work Dynamics. Administrative Sciences, 15(4), 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15040133
Schaufeli, W. (2021). Engaging leadership: how to promote work engagement?. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 754556. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754556
Schweitzer, M. E., Ordóñez, L., & Douma, B. (2004). Goal setting as a motivator of unethical behavior. Academy of management journal, 47(3), 422-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20159591
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Susanto, P. C., Syailendra, S., & Suryawan, R. F. (2023). Determination of motivation and performance: Analysis of job satisfaction, employee engagement and leadership. International Journal of Business and Applied Economics, 2(2), 59-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ijbae.v2i2.2135
Tewal, F. S., Mandey, S. L., & Rattu, A. J. M. (2017). Analisis pengaruh budaya organisasi, kepemimpinan, dan motivasi terhadap kinerja perawat rumah sakit umum daerah maria walanda maramis minahasa utara. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v5i3.18054
van Woerkom, M., & Kroon, B. (2020). The effect of strengths-based performance appraisal on perceived supervisor support and the motivation to improve performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 1883. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01883
Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. John Wiley & Sons.
Vuong, T. D. N., & Nguyen, L. T. (2022). The key strategies for measuring employee performance in companies: a systematic review. Sustainability, 14(21), 14017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114017
Widarko, A., & Anwarodin, M. K. (2022). Work motivation and organizational culture on work performance: Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as mediating variable. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(2), 123-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v2i2.207
Yakin, I. H. (2024). Implementation of Human Resources Management in Efforts to Improve the Performance of Tax Instructors. Atestasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 7(1), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.57178/atestasi.v7i1.773
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal La Bisecoman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
