Implementation of Roll-on Roll-off Shipping Program Davao, Philippines – Bitung, Indonesia
Abstract
In April 2017, President Jokowi and Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte agreed to open a trade cruise between General Santos Davao and Bitung, North Sulawesi. The goal is not only to strengthen relations between fellow ASEAN member countries, but also to realize the ASEAN Economic Community agreement in a more concrete form. This deal was later named "Roll-On Roll-Off (RORO) shipping. However, this Roll-On Roll-Off cruise only runs once. The Super Shuttle RoRo ship from Davao carrying 5 containers of various Philippine products arrived and returned from Bitung Port without carrying any goods. In 2019, President Jokowi ordered that the General Santos/Davao – Bitung Roll-On Roll-Off cruise be reactivated. However, many things must be fixed so that the goals of this agreement can be achieved. Therefore, on the basis of this fact, this study seeks to find all the instrumental weaknesses of the implementation of this program. The ultimate goal is to provide recommendations for the right program design so that the Roll-On Roll Off Cruise can provide results in accordance with what is expected by the Governments of both countries.
References
Allain-Dupré, D. (2020). The multi-level governance imperative. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 22(4), 800-808. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148120937984
Casula, M. (2024). How different multilevel and multi-actor arrangements impact policy implementation: Evidence from EU regional policy. Territory, Politics, Governance, 12(7), 1048-1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2022.2061590
Cevallos, R. A., & Merino Moreno, C. (2020). National policy councils for science, technology, and innovation: A scheme for structural definition and implementation. Science and Public Policy, 47(5), 705-718. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scaa052
Cooke, S. J., Rytwinski, T., Taylor, J. J., Nyboer, E. A., Nguyen, V. M., Bennett, J. R., ... & Smol, J. P. (2020). On “success” in applied environmental research—What is it, how can it be achieved, and how does one know when it has been achieved?. Environmental Reviews, 28(4), 357-372. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0045
Dunlop, C. A., Ongaro, E., & Baker, K. (2020). Researching COVID-19: A research agenda for public policy and administration scholars. Public Policy and Administration, 35(4), 365-383. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076720939631
Hill, M., & Hupe, P. (2021). Implementing public policy: An introduction to the study of operational governance. Sage.
Hogwood, B. W., & Gunn, L. A. (1984). Policy analysis for the real world. Oxford University Press.
Imperial, M. T. (2021). Implementation structures: The use of top-down and bottom-up approaches to policy implementation. In Oxford research encyclopedia of politics.
Kraft, M. E., & Furlong, S. R. (2020). Public policy: Politics, analysis, and alternatives. Cq Press.
Nugroho, R. (2009). Public policy. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.
Van Meter, D. S., & Van Horn, C. E. (1975). The policy implementation process: A conceptual framework. Administration & Society, 6(4), 445-488. https://doi.org/10.1177/009539977500600404
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal La Sociale
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.