Clean Water Supply in Cirebon during Colonial Period (1878-1940)

Anwar Firdaus Mutawally; Mumuh Muhsin  Zakaria; Miftahul Falah

doi:10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v5i2.1146

Anwar Firdaus Mutawally Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
Mumuh Muhsin Zakaria Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
Miftahul Falah Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v5i2.1146

Keywords: Cirebon, Clean Water, Colonial Period, Waterpipe

Abstract

This paper aims to explain the development of clean water supply in Cirebon during colonial period (1878-1940). The method used is the historical method, which includes four stages: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research results show that clean water provision in Cirebon is motivated by European residents’ concerns about the clean water crisis and the spread of epidemic. Efforts to explore clean water were carried out in 1878 and ended in 1940. Cirebon has three sources: Sijambu, Sumber, and Cipaniis. Clean water system changed technology and clean water management in Cirebon. Cirebon residents no longer depend on water carrier or natural water sources but use free hydrants or paid plumbing.

References

Ackerknecht, E. H. (2009). Anticontagionism between 1821 and 1867: the Fielding H. Garrison lecture. International journal of epidemiology, 38(1), 7–21. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyn254

Algemeen handelsblad voor Nederlandsch-Indië. (1936, July 8). Vergadering stadsgemeenteraad.

ANRI. (1906). Staatsblad No. 122 Tahun 1906. Staatsblad van Nederlandsch Indië. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij.

Atika, R. N., Karimah, S. N., Rizki, F. M., Waluya, B., & Dahliyana, A. (2020). Tradisi Mandi Sumur Penganten di Keraton Kanoman Cirebon. Sosial Budaya, 17(2), 125-132.

Bataviaasch Nieuwsblaad. (1913). Een Waterleiding voor Cheribon.

Bataviaasch Nieuwsblaad. (1929, September 14). Drinkwatermisere te Cheribon.

Bataviaasch Nieuwsblaad. (1935, April 16). Het drinkwatervraagstuk.

Bataviaasch Nieuwsblaad. (1936, October 27). Eindelijk een afdoende oplossing.

Bataviaasch Nieuwsblaad. (1937, September 30). Waterleidingbedrijf.

Bataviaasch Nieuwsblaad. (1938, January 29). De Cheribonsche waterleiding.

Bataviaasch Nieuwsblaad. (1940, April 26). De drainagevelden te Soember.

Budiman, H. G. (2022). Perkembangan Sanitasi dan Prasarana Kebersihan di Kota Bandung Awal Abad Ke-20. paradigma, 12(3).

Budiman, H. G., Ariwibowo, G. A., Saptono, N., Widyastuti, E., & Nurani, I. A. (2023). From panchuran to waterleiding: clean water solutions in Colonial Bandung, West Java, Dutch East Indies (1898‒1934). History of science and technology, 13(1), 174–200. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2023-13-1-174-200

Burgerlijke Openbare Werken. (1909). Verslag van het BOW van Nederland Indië 1909. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij.

Burgerlijke Openbare Werken. (1911). Verslag over de burgerlijke openbare werken in Nederlandsch-Indië. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij.

Burgerlijke Openbare Werken. (1920). Het rioleeringsvraagstuk in Nederlandsch-Indië. Weltevreden: Papyrus.

Carter, N. (2018). The politics of the environment: Ideas, activism, policy. Cambridge University Press.

De Locomotief. (1937, April 16). Uitvoering van de waterleiding door A.I.A. en Sitsen en Louzada.

De Locomotief. (1937, November 10). Toch een zwembad te Cheribon?

De Locomotief. (1938, March 19). De Niuwe Waterleiding.

De Vries, J. J. (2007). Groundwater. Geology of the Netherlands, 295–315. Th. W. Wong, DAJ Batjes & J. de Jager. Retrieved from https://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/dutch/key/Groundwater_De_Vries.pdf

Emalia, I. (2020). Wabah Penyakit dan Penanganannya di Cirebon 1906--1940. Yogyakarta: Ombak.

Eyken, A. J. H. (1917). Verslag van den toestand der gemeente Cheribon over 1917. Cheribon: J.D. de Boer.

Grijns, G. (1917). Onderzoek ingesteld te Cheribon in verband met het voorkomen van typhus. Batavia: Javasche Boekhandel & Drukkerij.

Hendro, E. P. (2014). Perkembangan morfologi kota cirebon dari masa kerajaan hingga akhir masa kolonial. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 24(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v24i1.2861

Herlina, N. (2020). Metode Sejarah. Bandung: Satya Historika.

Heurn, J. van. (1896). Jan Ilcken. De Ingenieur, (26).

Ilcken, J. (1892). Lets over de nieuwe drinkwaterleiding te Cheribon. De Ingenieur.

Kerchman, F. W. M. (1930). 25 Jaren Decentralisatie in Nederlandsh-Indie 1905-1930. Semarang: Vereeniging voor Locale Belangen.

KITLV. (1870). Waterdrager bij een put op Java. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:823765

KITLV. (1884). Ontwerp Drinkwaterleiding voor de Stad Cheribon.

Kooy, M., & Bakker, K. (2015). (Post) Colonial Pipes: Urban Water Supply in Colonial and Contemporary Jakarta. Cars, Conduits, and Kampongs (pp. 63–86). Brill.

MacPherson, K. L. (2002). A wilderness of marshes: The origins of public health in Shanghai, 1843-1893. Lexington Books.

Melosi, M. V. (2008). The sanitary city: Environmental services in urban America from colonial times to the present. University of Pittsburgh Press.

Molsbergen, E. G. (1931). Gedenkboek der gemeente Cheribon, 1906 - 1931. Bandung: Nix & Co.

Mutawally, A. F., & Mahzuni, D. (2023). Air dan Konflik Sosial: Krisis Air Bersih di Kota Cirebon Pada Masa Kolonial Belanda (Abad ke-19-20). INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v3i6.6465

Nasihin, W. (2021). Penyebaran Wabah Penyakit Kolera di Jawa dan Sumatera pada Abad 18-19. Khazanah Pendidikan Islam, 3(3), 135–141. Retrieved from https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kp/article/view/10027

Nederlandsch-Indië, H. nieuws van den dag voor. (1932, June 13). Allerlei uit Cheribon.

Nederlandsch-Indië, H. nieuws van den dag voor. (1935, April 12). Begroting Cheribon 1935.

Nederlandsch-Indië, H. nieuws van den dag voor. (1937, September 15). De Nieuwe Water verordening.

Nugraha, S., & Lubis, N. H. (2017). Kota Sukabumi: dari distrik menjadi Gemeente (1815-1914). Patanjala, 9(3), 291907. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v9i3.35

Primaditya, K. T. (2021). Modernisasi Kota: Saluran Air Bersih Perpipaan di Jawa Masa Kolonial. Lembaran Sejarah, 17(2), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.73174

Puguh, D. R. (2010). Dari “Per Aspera Ad Astra” ke “Cirebon Baru”: Perubahan Citra Kota Cirebon 1930-1950-an. Citra Leka dan Sabda, 1(1). Retrieved from http://eprints.undip.ac.id/3266/2/21_Per_Aspera_ad_Astra_(Dhanang_R.).pdf

Purba, M. F. D., & Hartini, E. (2013). Penurunan Kandungan Zat Besi (Fe) Dalam Air Sumur Gali Dengan Metode Aerasi. VISIKES: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 12(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.33633/visikes.v12i1.638

Rinardi, H., & Rochwulaningsih, Y. (2020). Inter-islands dynamic economy: colonial policy on the Indonesian ports development for international and domestic shipping during colonial times. Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration, 4(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v4i1.7899

Riyanto, B., Alimin, N. N., & Murni, E. S. (2022). Lifestyle Ambiguity: The Visuals of Cigarette Advertisements in the Dutch East Indies Era. Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education, 22(2), 227-240. https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v22i2.38636

Samputri, S., Suhartawan, B., Cundaningsih, N., Suyasa, I. W. B., Asnawi, I., Dirman, E. N., Adicita, Y., et al. (2017). Komparasi munculnya liberalisme ekonomi di Indonesia dan Burma. Lembaran Sejarah (Vol. 13). Get Press Indonesia. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.33541

Sanusi, A., Arif, F., & Hasyim, R. S. (2022). Perubahan Eksistensi Sungai dan Pengaruhnya Bagi Kehidupan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Kota Cirebon Pada Masa Hindia Belanda Tahun 1900-1942. Yayasan Wiyata Bestari Samastra.

Sulistiyono, S. T. (1994). Perkembangan pelabuhan Cirebon dan pengaruhnya terhadap kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Kota Cirebon 1859-1930. Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Taylor, J. G. (2011). Cleanliness and culture: Indonesian histories. Brill.

Tillema, H. F. (1915). Kromoblanda. Over het vraagstuk van ‘het Wonen’in Kromo‘s groote land. Gravenhage: H. Uden Masman.

Triana, K., Solihuddin, T., Husrin, S., Risandi, J., Mustikasari, E., Kepel, T. L., ... & Helmi, M. (2023). An integrated satellite characterization and hydrodynamic study in assessing coastal dynamics in Cirebon, West Java. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 65, 103107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103107

Tuyter, A. (1930). Peladjaran Kesehatan. Weltevreden: J.B. Wolters.

Uddin, A., & Jahan, M. R. (2023). The Socio-Economic Welfare Contribution of Ulugh Khan Jahan to the Islamic Civilization in Bengal during the 15th Century CE. European Journal of Science, Innovation and Technology, 3(4), 305-316.

Van der Linde, H. (2020). Jakarta: History of a Misunderstood City. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd.

Wutich, A., Thomson, P., Jepson, W., Stoler, J., Cooperman, A. D., Doss‐Gollin, J., ... & Westerhoff, P. (2023). MAD water: Integrating modular, adaptive, and decentralized approaches for water security in the climate change era. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 10(6), e1680. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1680

Yeoh, B. S. A. (1993). Urban sanitation, health and water supply in late nineteenth and early twentieth century colonial Singapore. South East Asia Research, 1(2), 143–172. SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England.