Implementation of Local Government Policies in Realizing Child-Friendly Districts to Increase Welfare

Children as the nation's successors prove that the rights of children in Indonesia are expressly stated in the constitution. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the Pangandaran Regent's Regulation Number 79 of 2018 concerning Child Friendly Districts. This type of research uses normative juridical research. The results of this study: First, the implementation of the Pangandaran Regent Regulation Number 79 of 2018 concerning Child-Friendly Districts in realizing Child-Friendly Districts has not met 24 (twenty four) indicators that become the reference for assessing Child-Friendly Districts, so that in 2021 Pangandaran District has not received an award. Child Friendly District. Second, the Implications of Child Friendly Districts in Pangandaran Regency on children's welfare, based on the score from traceability evidence, obtained a score of 416.42 with the percentage of achievement of 24 indicators, only 41.6% of the total value of achievement should be 1,000 points. It can be said that the Child Friendly District in Pangandaran Regency has not had implications for the welfare of children.


Introduction
The role of the child as the nation's successor shows that the rights of children in Indonesia are explicitly stated in the applicable laws and regulation (Wadong, 2000). As in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, with regard to these rights, the State is obliged to guarantee that Indonesian children are free from acts of violence and discrimination, as well as guarantee their growth and development (the right to education and health), and have adequate welfare.
The government's concern for the welfare and protection of children is to have a sustainable protection program in each region, including the protection of children from violence, with the hope that the number of cases will gradually decrease (Roza & S, 2018). One form of government attention is to issue a policy on Child Friendly Districts/Cities.
In 2019, there were 435 regencies/cities that had initiated Child Friendly District, and as many as 247 regencies/cities received pratama, middle, nindya and main ranks. However, none of the regions has yet entered the highest ranking, Child Friendly District. This achievement should be appreciated because it shows the increasing concern of all regional stakeholders in protecting Indonesian children (Kemenpppa, 2021).
The level of protection for children which is still very minimal proves the government's inability to implement policies on children. Based on Law Number 4 of 1979 concerning Child Welfare, it is emphasized that there are 4 rights for children, namely: First, children have the right to welfare, care, upbringing, and guidance based on affection both from the family and in special care to grow and develop properly. Second, Children have the right to services for the development of their abilities and social life. All three children have the right to care and protection both in the womb and after birth. Fourth, children have the right to protection of the environment that can harm or hinder their growth and development properly (Budiyanto, 2014).
The attention of local governments in protecting children and the issuance of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, mandates the obligations of local governments to take care of children. As an example, Pangandaran Regency is one of the regencies that is a place for tourism in West Java, so the state of Pangandaran is an area that opens up space for the entry of various influences that will affect the condition of the area. Places of entertainment that do not have age restrictions, and there is no separation between parents and children, then the inclusion of various characters of people will have an influence on the condition of children in the Pangandaran area. The sociological factor is one of the thoughts on the mentality of children in the Pangandaran area, from association, how to dress, and language which will become the daily consumption of children in the Pangandaran area.
In order to realize Child Friendly District in Pangandaran Regency in 2022, health service places that support the program have been prepared, namely for example the Legokjawa Health Center in Pangandaran Regency, a circular letter has been issued from the Head of the Pangandaran Regency Youth and Sports Education Office in the field of education. Based on the existing data, Pangandaran Regency should be included in the Child Friendly Regency category with the Regent's Regulation on Child Friendly Regency being issued. However, this has not yet been realized and until now Pangandaran Regency has not been included in the category of child-friendly districts.
Regarding originality, to the best of the author's knowledge, no articles have been found discussing the implementation of the Regent's Regulation on Child-friendly Districts/Cities, especially in Pangandaran District. However, there are several articles that discuss Child Friendly Districts/Cities, including; (1) Concepts Related to Child Friendly Cities in Denpasar City, (Kamayani, 2016). The results showed that the concepts related to Child Friendly Cities were grouped through analysis of the factors. From this factor analysis process, four measures of the ideal urban environment related to Child Friendly Cities can be identified. Those factors are policy, protection, environment, and planning for children. Three of the first concepts are very much in line with Indonesia's National Policy on Child Friendly Cities. While the last concept, planning for children, requires special attention as part of the existing concept of the current policy or should be made a free concept that needs to be accommodated in planning provisions, standards, procedures and manuals in urban environments; (2) Study on the Based on the data above, then Pangandaran Regency should be included in the category of Child-friendly Districts with the issuance of a Regent's Regulation concerning Child Friendly District. However, this has not yet been realized and arrived Currently Pangandaran Regency has not been able to be included in the category of eligible districts child. The purpose of this is to fulfill the rights and protect children and children Specifically: To build district/city government initiatives that towards the transformation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Methods
This writing method uses a normative juridical approach, which aims to examine the principles, systematics, synchronization, history and comparison. This research is focused on assessing and researching the participation of local governments related to child protection and realizing child-friendly districts. The scientific value of a discussion and problem solving of the legal issue under study is highly dependent on the approach used. In accordance with the type of research used, namely normative juridical, then the approach to the problem taken is legislation (statute approach).

Implementation of Pangandaran Regent's Regulation Number 79 of 2018 concerning Child Friendly Districts in Realizing Child Friendly District
Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning states that provincial areas are domiciled as autonomous regions as well as administrative regions. In other words, provincial regions are formed based on the principles of decentralization and deconcentration. The principle of deconcentration is carried out widely at the provincial level and limited at the district/city level, especially for the absolute authority in the hands of the central government.
Regional autonomy is the right of authority and obligation of autonomous regions to regulate and manage their own government affairs and the interests of the local community in accordance with statutory regulations (Ristanti & Handoyo, 2017;Safitri, 2016). What is meant by real autonomy is the freedom of the regions to carry out government authority in certain fields that actually exist and are needed and grow, live, and develop in the region (Akbal, 2016).
Responsibility for autonomy is in the form of realizing accountability as a consequence of granting rights and authorities to regions in the form of duties and obligations that must be borne by regions in achieving the objectives of granting autonomy, in the form of improving public services and welfare, developing democratic life, justice and equity, and maintenance of harmonious relations between the center and the regions as well as between regions in order to maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (Bratakusumah & Solihin, 2004;Noviades, 2013).
Regency/City (hereinafter referred to as Child Friendly District) is a district/city development system that integrates the commitment and resources of the government, the community and the business world that are planned in a comprehensive and sustainable manner in policies, programs and activities to fulfill children's rights (Haq, 2016).
Child Friendly City is carried out by the government because the number of children is about a third of the total population, children are capital and investment in human resources in the future and at the same time as the nation's next generation, so children must be of quality so that they do not become a burden for development and every child has the right and in fulfilling children's rights, they need to strengthen coordination and partnerships between stakeholders to be more integrated, holistic and sustainable (Chandra & Putri, 2021).
The Child Friendly District carried out the need to pay attention to the concept and stages of Child Friendly District development as mandated in the Regulation of the State Minister for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Number 11 of 2011 concerning Child Friendly Regency/City Development Policies. The Child Friendly District concept is the basis for the development of Child Friendly District which aims to build district/city government initiatives that lead to efforts to transform the concept of children's rights into policies, programs and activities to ensure the fulfillment of children's rights in districts/cities, the stages are as follows: Preparation; Planning; Implementation; Monitoring; Evaluation; and Reporting (Suryani et al., 2017).
It is hoped that the protection and fulfillment of children's rights can be well planned, comprehensive and sustainable through various programs launched by the Pangandaran Regency Government, as the author focuses on two problems, namely health and education. The basic problem is regarding the fulfillment of children's rights in the education and health sectors, the Pangandaran Regency Government through the Family Planning Service, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DKBP3A).
In the author's opinion, education and health of children are children's rights that are very crucial, as is stated in the Changes in the Strategic Plan (Renstra) of the Office of Family Planning for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DKBP3A) 2016-2021 Pangandaran Regency That education and health are still crucial issues that must be highlighted, because in fact in Pangandaran Regency there are still Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) and includes some schools that are not yet in the child-friendly category.
The problems that will be discussed regarding the Child Friendly District of Pangandaran Regency in Problems in the health sector where the authors highlight are those related to the field of Health and Education, Health and education problems in children are closely related to health facilities, one of which is the Community Health Center (Puskesmas) located in the District Pangandaran.
The action plan has been or will be carried out by the Pangandaran Regency Government by providing facilities to fulfill basic health rights, including the availability of a database on continuous monitoring of infant/toddler and child health in every kelurahan/village as well as public health care should be through several providers , such as health facilities for children with disabilities, mental health service facilities, especially children's souls, as well as health insurance for all levels of society, and affordable health costs.
The next facility that will continue to be pursued by the Pangandaran Regency Government in realizing a Child Friendly Regency in the health sphere is the establishment of a child-friendly puskesmas. Facilities that are expected to be available in child-friendly health centers are: special health services for mothers and children; special examination place for children; pediatrician and obstetrician; nutrition garden; playground; place of service for victims of violence against children; counseling staff for children; breast milk corner; and child development.
The embodiment to support a clean and smoke-free environment is manifested by the existence of regulations on smoke-free areas/areas (especially areas that are reached by children and mothers), regulations on the prohibition of sponsoring cigarettes for community activities (especially activities related to smoking children), healthy and proper environmental facilities for children, as well as waste and waste management. In addition to the problem of space, additional food for school children also needs to be considered properly (Arifin, 2016).
In realizing a Child Friendly Regency which is highlighted in the world of education as one of the crucial problems that need more attention, Pangandaran Regency formed Child Friendly Schools (SRA). Based on the Regulation on Child Friendly School Policy.education unit nonformalthat is safe, clean and healthy, cares and has a culture of the environment, is able to guarantee, fulfill, respect children's rights and protect children from violence, discrimination, and other mistreatment and supports children's participation, especially in planning, policy, learning, monitoring, and complaint mechanisms related to the fulfillment of children's rights and protection in the world of education.
The implementation of Child-Friendly Schools can be started with socialization of Child-Friendly Schools to schools carried out by the Education Office. Ideally, all schools in Pangandaran Regency should indeed provide a guarantee of security, comfort and fun for all students in their environment, besides of course without having to ignore children's academic achievements.
The internal policy environment for Child Friendly Regency with policy formulation and policy implementation, the Pangandaran Regency Government as the policy maker, establishes a Child Friendly Regency Task Force in order to optimize the implementation of Child Friendly Regency Policy which refers to health and education, which is within the scope of the District in the Pangandaran area. The media mass highlighting implementation of Child-friendly District policies in Pangandaran District participated in assisting the government in communicating KLA policies focused on health and education to the public, so that the public would understand the importance of fulfilling children's rights and the government's concentration in fulfilling health and education rights. in Pangandaran Regency.
Regarding some of the things that the author has discussed above, the author is of the view that the criteria that have been implemented are in accordance with Article 15 and Article 16 of the Pangandaran Regent Regulation Number 79 of 2018. The criteria previously discussed in the Implementation of the Pangandaran Regent's Regulation Number 79 of 2018 according to the author have carried out properly and in accordance with what is mandated in Article 15 and Article 16 of the Pangandaran Regent Regulation above, although in the process there are still many obstacles related to facilities and infrastructure as well as human resources.
The Pangandaran Regency Government continues to make improvements in order to achieve a Child Friendly Regency. This is based on the fact that the policy implementation process is said to be appropriate when the government and public understand, accept, and implement the policy as a rule and also a task that must be done. A common understanding between the government as the implementer is needed in policy. So that in carrying out its policies, the Pangandaran Regency government will approach the aspects of Health and Education, in the Child Friendly Regency Task Force which includes parties who have the ability and expertise in accordance with each child rights cluster.
Improving performance on the implementation of Child Friendly District Policies with an approach to aspects of Health and Education, the Government of Pangandaran Regency instructs sub-districts within the scope of Pangandaran Regency to form a Child Friendly District Task Force as supervisors in the District area, in which there are relevant stakeholders who has the task of carrying out the fulfillment of children's rights in the Sub-district of the Pangandaran Regency so that it can create an equitable Child-friendly Regency.
The Child Friendly District indicator is an indicator used to measure the implementation of the fulfillment of children's rights in the regions in an effort to realize KLA. It is a reference for the government, provincial government, and district/city governments in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating policies, programs and activities to fulfill children's rights to realize Child Friendly District.
Consisting of 6 institutional indicators and 25 substances which are grouped into 5 clusters of children's rights, namely, Civil Rights and Freedoms, Family Environment and Alternative Care, Basic Health and Welfare, Education, use of leisure time and cultural activities, Special protection.
Based on the Evaluation Analysis of Child-Friendly Districts/Cities in Pangandaran District in 2021, the total score of Pangandaran District based on self-assessment is 737.5, or the achievement is 73.8% as districts/cities that are ready to implement child-worthy in the award category occupy the Nindya position. However, based on research traceability evidence and researcher analysis according to the evaluation table above, in 2021 the achievement of Pangandaran Regency was only 41.6% with a score of 416.42 of the total indicator value of 1000 points, so it can be concluded that Pangandaran Regency is not ready and is categorized as being included in the award. CLA.

The Implementation of Child Friendly Districts Has Implications for Child Welfare
The implementation of Child Friendly City policies in Pangandaran Regency is one of scientific evidence of the importance of fulfilling the rights and protection of children in order to realize Regency that places children as the main stream in the development planning of Child Friendly Regency which is regulated in Regulations Pangandaran Regent Number 79 of 2018 concerning Districts , the establishment of Child Friendly Districts is a bridge in fulfilling the implementation of children's rights as the government's responsibility to citizens. This condition becomes an important point in accelerating the formation of Child Friendly District. The results achieved have not been evenly distributed and various obstacles still exist, especially in some underdeveloped districts and cities. The main responsibility for protecting, educating, and developing children lies with the family, the Pangandaran Regency Government through the establishment of the Regency takes an active role in paying attention to children's rights.
The inclusion of these rights explicitly shows that children have certain life characteristics. The world community then agreed that in order to make these steps a success, all policies must always lead to the best interest of the child (Alston, 1994).
Children are born free, children's independence must be protected and expanded in terms of obtaining the right to life and the right to protection from parents, family, community, nation and state. The protection of the child is closely related to obtaining absolute and basic human rights which should not be reduced by any or sacrificing other absolute rights to obtain other rights, so that the child will get his rights as a full human being when he grows up. Thus, when the child has become an adult, then the child will know and understand about what are the obligations and obligations to the family, society, nation and state (R, 2007;Wasiti, 2020).
Children are God's mandate that must be taken care of as well as possible. Because his status is still in the process of growth, physically and mentally, he really needs the support and assistance of adults, whether direct parents or those who are given the responsibility to take care of him in certain spaces and stages. Because of this mandate, all nations in the world through the Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC) have agreed that children must be given their human rights and special protection (Kartono, 1998).
Article 1 paragraph (1) of Law Number 3 of 1997 states that a child is a person who is in a litigation with a naughty child who has reached the age of 8 (eight) years but has not yet reached the age of 18 (eighteen) and has never been married. Meanwhile, in the Indonesian Dictionary, it is stated that children are humans who are still small. Every child has the right to live, grow and develop and participate fairly in accordance with human dignity and dignity, and to get protection from violence and discrimination (Wadong, 2000).
The stance on determining the category of children based on physical and psychological elements measured from the physical side states that the understanding of children is those who are still young and are determining their identity so that it is easy for them to accept influences from the environment. Understanding children (Soekito, 1989) from the above opinion can be viewed from two sides, namely: The formal juridical side which always prioritizes age and marital status. The determination of age varies from country to country. Among them are as follows: The provisions Task Force on Juvenile Delinquency Prevention urges that the minimum limit for determining the status of children is 10 years and the maximum is between 16 to 18 years. The Beijing Rules set a limit for children from 7 to 18 years. while UN Resolution 45/113 only determines the upper limit of a child's age, which is 18 years.
The psychological side that always prioritizes the maturity of the individual soul. Even customary law only requires a person's maturity in terms of biological maturity. According to customary law, a person becomes an adult when (male or female) as a married person leaves the house of his mother/father or mother/father-in-law to have another household as a young man or young wife, which is an independent family. Customary law also stipulates that the socalled minors are those who have not yet determined concrete physical signs that they have matured.
Empirically, however, the statement that children should have everything needed for the full development of children is normative. If the child needs X for the child's growth and development, it can happen that X is good, there will be a demand, namely the child should get X is the same as the child has the right to X. To state that a child has the right to food or a free statement which means that children should get food or free expression, because each of them is needed for development and children should grow and develop (Hadisuprapto, 1997).
The implementation of Child-friendly Districts in Pangandaran District will not run well if there is no intervention from the family as the smallest sphere in the child's growth and development environment, but in essence in the family environment there are different understandings among parents about the meaning of children.
Irwanto argues that one of the paradoxes of modern human development is the recognition of children as the future of humanity, but at the same time as the most vulnerable population group because they are often ignored and sacrificed in the development process itself. When the economy improves and development in all fields is enthusiastic, the interests of children are not a priority. However, when the economy deteriorates, conflicts rage, social chaos develops everywhere, children become victims to meet the needs of adults, meaning that children's rights to live, grow and develop are less than optimal, which will lead to the loss of a generation of the nation (Patilima, 2017).
A child who loses his independence as a result of an act that intentionally or unintentionally violates the law, is entitled to special treatment. The law must focus on children's rights in general, and in the criminal justice process in particular it will be highlighted as a social study of children, individually, the background and causes of criminal violations, therefore legal protection for children is absolutely necessary (Wadong, 2000).
The aspect of child protection is more emphasized on the rights of the child, not on the obligations of the child, because the child legally has not been burdened with obligations and is not held accountable. Legal protection for children is not only based on written law, but also includes unwritten law in the hope that there will be guarantees for children in carrying out their rights and obligations (Gosita, 1985).
Protection for children is the entire legal provision regarding the protection, guidance, and justice of children or adolescents as stipulated in the Burgerlijk Wetboek, the Civil Procedure Protection in general as well as protection in particular, which is recognized normatively in the Child Protection Law as referred to above, implies the responsibility and obligation to fulfill it for parents, society and the state through the government. For the state, the responsibility for the implementation of child protection is to respect, protect and fulfill the rights of a child. The responsibility to protect children's rights is the responsibility to prevent, stop and punish any violation of children's rights; while the responsibility to fulfill children's rights is the state's obligation to implement, provide, guarantee the implementation of every child's rights through its actions and policies. In this case, the regulation of child protection through legal norms, clearly demands that the rights of the child are functioned and obeyed for their protection.
Article 3 of the Child Protection Law states that child protection aims to ensure the fulfillment of children's rights so that they can live, grow, develop, and participate optimally in accordance with human dignity and dignity, and receive protection from violence and discrimination, for the realization of Indonesian children who are quality, noble, and prosperous. The true meaning of this goal is that parents, families and communities must be responsible for maintaining and maintaining the rights of the child in accordance with the obligations imposed by law. Likewise, in the context of implementing child protection, the state and government are responsible for providing facilities and accessibility for children, especially in ensuring optimal and directed growth and development.
It is expressly stated in the CRC and the Child Protection Law that the principle of the best interest of the child must be placed as primary consideration in all actions for children, whether carried out by social welfare institutions in the public or private sector, courts, administrative authorities, or other agencies. legislative. It is very clear, therefore, that in fulfilling the right to survival, growth and development, we ask the state and government, as well as public and private bodies, to ensure that the principle of the best interests of the child is the main consideration. In the end, it is hoped that this will give better priority to children so that a childfriendly society will lead to child welfare.
As described above, the best interest is a very important principle and must be the main consideration in all actions concerning children carried out by the government, community, legislative and judicial bodies. As a principle that has been recognized internationally and nationally, the implementation of the best interests of children must be in accordance with the objectives of child protection. Child protection has a very broad reach because it covers all the rights that children have. In its simplest form, child protection is to ensure that every child is not harmed, so that children will receive what they need to survive, and can grow and develop into a quality and prosperous generation. Referring to the previous discussion, the Child-Friendly District in Pangandaran Regency focuses on the right to health and the right to education, both of which are basic elements of human rights which are the absolute means needed for the fulfillment of other human rights.
Child-friendly districts have a very important role in supporting the welfare of children, as it is known that children have a very important role in determining the quality of Indonesian Human Resources (HR) in general, especially in Pangandaran Regency which will be the main pillar in development, so it needs to be improved. and get full protection from all elements of society. Efforts to overcome this problem in various districts and cities have not been planned from job creation, availability of micro-credit to investment in infrastructure. Children are the people who are hardest hit by poverty, because poverty is very hard for them to grow and develop. Child Friendly District is a government program that is devoted to protecting children's rights whose development system is based on children's rights through the integration of government, community and business commitments and resources that are planned in a comprehensive and sustainable manner in policies, programs and activities to ensure the fulfillment of rights and protection. children who are closely to the welfare of children (Roza & S, 2018 Indicators of Child-friendly Districts in Pangandaran Regency are seen from the education and health side which are directly related to the field of education, especially education for children such as the availability of adequate cleaning tools, the availability of adequate organic and nonorganic waste bins, the availability of hand washing facilities and liquid soap,equipment sports and school games, school residents do not smoke in the school, there is a no smoking area warning, the availability of hygienic in the canteen, the School Health Unit (UKS) and toilets, the availability of adequate ventilation classrooms and lighting, as well as the availability of playgrounds and sports for children as well as providing continuous health education in each region regarding the dangers of drugs, drugs, alcohol, HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, and so on. Thus, the authors conclude that the Child Friendly City policy cannot be separated from the fulfillment of children's rights, especially in the fields of education and health. It would be more appropriate to say that this policy is a mutually sustainable policy. The implementation of Child Friendly City policies in the future requires adjustments in regulatory, institutional and policy scope aspects so that Child Friendly Districts can synergize and be optimally implemented in realizing child welfare.
Regarding the responsibilities of the government and local governments, Law Number 35 of 2014 is regulated in several articles which include obliging and giving the responsibility to respect the fulfillment of children's rights without distinction of ethnicity, religion, race, class, gender, ethnicity, culture and language, legal status, birth order, and physical and/or mental condition, as well as protecting and respecting children's rights and being responsible for formulating and implementing policies in the field of child protection. Then in this law the regional government is obliged and responsible for implementing and supporting national policies in the implementation of child protection in the regions which can be realized through regional efforts to build child-friendly districts/cities, as well as providing support for facilities, infrastructure, and the availability of human resources in child protection.
In addition to the government and local governments, this law also provides mandates, responsibilities and obligations to the community, in terms of protecting children, the obligations and responsibilities of the community include carrying out community participation activities in the implementation of child protection carried out by involving organizations, society, academics, and children's observers. In this case, community organizations, academics and child observers should go directly to the field to provide education in terms of protecting children to achieve children's welfare.
This law also provides obligations and responsibilities to parents in terms of protecting children, nurturing, nurturing, educating, and protecting children, nurturing children according to their abilities, talents and interests, preventing marriage at a child's age and providing character education. and inculcating character values in children. In fact, it is parents who are closest to children in their daily lives who directly monitor the child's physical and psychological growth and monitor the child's daily interactions.

Conclusion
The implementation of Pangandaran Regent's Regulation Number 79 of 2018 concerning Child-Friendly Districts in realizing Child-Friendly Districts has not met the 24 indicators that are the reference for Child Friendly District assessment, so that in 2021 Pangandaran District has not yet received the Child Friendly District award. In accordance with the study of tracing evidence or data and analysis, Pangandaran Regency's achievement in realizing Child Friendly District was only 41.6% with the total score obtained was 416.42 out of a score of 1,000, which should have been obtained and in accordance with the evaluation assessment of the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection. The implication of Child Friendly Districts in Pangandaran Regency on children's welfare, based on the score from traceable evidence obtained a score of 416.42 with the percentage of achievement of 24 indicators only 41.6% of the total value of achievement should be 1,000 points. It can be said that Child Friendly District in Pangandaran Regency has not had any implications for child welfare. Child Friendly District in Pangandaran Regency can have implications for child welfare if 24 (twenty four) Child Friendly District indicators can be implemented by achieving a maximum score or standard in accordance with the Child Friendly District category set by the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection. Based on data and analysis, the maximum percentage that must be achieved in each cluster is 16.67%, while the current achievement of Pangandaran Regency in Institutions is 4.4%, Cluster 1: 4.6%, Cluster II: 5.8%, Cluster III: 6.2%, Cluster IV : 6.0% and Cluster V : 11.3%.