Parenting Style and Resilience among Homosexual in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the relationship of parenting styles and resilience in homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative with correlational design. A total of 454 homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia are used as participants using incidental sampling techniques. The measurement of this study used the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) scale with fathers’ authoritarian parenting style (α = .868), fathers’ authoritative parenting style (α = .766), fathers’ permissive parenting style (α = .768), mothers’ authoritarian parenting style (α = .868), mothers’ authoritative parenting style (α = .843), mothers’ permissive parenting style (α = .746), and the Resilience Quotient Scale (RQ) (α = .873). Data analysis was conducted using Karl Pearson's product-moment correlation test. The results of this study indicated that there is no relationship between fathers’ authoritarian parenting style and resilience (r = .065 and sig. = .084). Likewise, for the fathers’ authoritative parenting style, it showed no relationship with resilience (r = .003 and the sig. = .472). Similarly, there was no significant relationship found between fathers’ permissive parenting style and resilience (r = -.034 and sig. = .235). The results also revealed that there is no relationship between mothers’ authoritarian parenting style and resilience (r = .008) and sig. = .435). Likewise, no significant relationship was found between mothers’ authoritative parenting style and resilience (r = .005 and sig. = .457). Furthermore, the study found no relationship between mothers’ permissive parenting style and resilience (r = .015 and sig. = .379).


Introduction
A few decades before, assumptions on homosexuals were very diverse in any region throughout the world, both on national and international grounds.Along with times, the existence of homosexual increase due to rights that they are fighting for as homosexuals, one of which is the rights as gay (Lawrenz & Habigzang, 2020).However, that doesn't make the homosexuals, which are men, regardless by various stigma that has grown in society where they still get discrimination and rejection from environment which assume same-sex relationship is something inappropriate as the culture applied (Li et al., 2021;Prabandari & Huwae, 2024).
Indonesia becomes one of the countries that still don't accept homosexual groups, where this country is still having negative outlook in a form of harassment acts and threats against the homosexual groups (Tjipto et al., 2019).In Indonesia, the number of homosexual existences, especially gay, is known by 2019 in a total of 101.994 gays and those 8,75% are positive HIV (Kemenkes, 2020).The number has increased as for 2010-2015 in Indonesia, the number of homosexual (gay) were counted in a total of 14.446 (Kemenkes, 2016).Therefore, it shows the significant increase of homosexual (gay) population in Indonesia.
With those data, the researcher finally did interviews towards 12 homosexuals (gay) who were from various region in Indonesia.Interviews were done in January 2023.According to the ISSN 2721-0960 (Print), ISSN 2721-0847 (online) Copyright © 2024, Journal La Sociale, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0 interviews or previous data collection, the researcher found that homosexuals (gay) realized why they have homosexual orientation, but there were some who didn't.Other than that, the informant knew when they started to have interest toward the one who has the same sex as them.As many as 9 out of 12 informants decided to hide their sexual orientation from their closest people and hadn't been braved to speak up or be open that they are homosexuals (gay).It was because they felt shame, fear of being insulted and ostracized by the people near them.Some informants also revealed that being homosexuals in Indonesia is not an easy thing, it is because the norms and stigmas that exist in the society among them about homosexuals (gay).They felt a feeling of disappointment, shame, disgust toward themselves and felt like they lost their own identity.Their homosexual orientation also made them feel depressed due to fear of threats that might be gotten from the environment.The sexual orientation that they have also influenced on how they socialize, difficult to get along with people, especially with men.Thus, it made them not have social contact that is good and wide, they closed themselves up, hard in associating and socializing.Those things were due to the feeling of fear, depression, disappointment, and hard in solving problems with the sexual orientation that they owned.Based on those, it shows that homosexuals (gay) have bad resilience characteristics as revealed in Fuller & Riggs (2018).
Resilience can be understood as an individual ability, one of which is homosexual (gay) to be able to stay, fight, and learn, as well as adapt from various tough or risky conditions that they face (Reivich & Shatte, 2002).In homosexual (gay) context, resilience become one crucial thing that is needed, so that the formation of resilience can be pictured in seven aspects (Reivich & Shatte, 2002).First, the ability of emotion regulation to stay calm from various pressures will increase the concentration ability.The ability to control emotion and maintain attention.Second is the ability of impulse control, where individuals can control the existence of impulse in themselves.Third, the ability of optimism, that is pictured with the trust to be able to change the condition to be better.Fourth, casual analysis, that is pictured with the ability to identify problems that are faced.Fifth, empathy, that is pictured by feeling the same emotion as others.Sixth, self-efficacy, which is the belief of the ability in facing any kinds of problems.Seventh, reaching out, that is pictured by self-ability that experience positive increase in their lives.
The low resilience at homosexuals (gay) will make them experience the difficulty in controlling emotion, having the feeling of depression or depressed and having anxiety (Emlet et al., 2017).Homosexuals (gay) will also pull themselves from the environment and tend to have less mental health (Lyons et al., 2015).In the other hand, homosexuals (gay) that own a good resilience, have much better mental health development, do not experience the feeling of depression, or depressed even anxiety, homosexuals (gay) will tend to be open to themselves and others, and can accept as well as dealing with every situation around (Watson & Tatnell, 2022).Resilience doesn't just happen but is also influenced by some factors.First is selfesteem, where someone with a good resilience is also influenced by a good self-concept enhancement (Burnette et al., 2019).Second is family support as an important thing because family has closest interaction with individual so that one of the resilience factors is family support (Fuller & Riggs, 2018).Another factor is parenting style which became a factor that might form resilience at individual, because parent have an important role and be the closest with the individual development (Irsali & Borualogo, 2020).Parents have a big factor in influencing individual resilience, so that parenting style is needed to determine the resilience in homosexuals (gay) (Wang, 2020).
Parenting style can be understood as a pattern that is applied by parents in influencing individuals during their growth, so that it has impact to various actions or habits of those individuals (Buri, 1991).Actions and habits of those individuals can be formed by authoritarian ISSN 2721-0960 (Print), ISSN 2721-0847 (online) Copyright © 2024, Journal La Sociale, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0 parenting style, authoritative parenting style, dan permissive parenting style (Buri, 1991).Parents with a high authoritarian parenting style tend to have a hard parenting model, provide excessive demands, excessive disapproval of various actions, and have a bad response so that the impact of individuals shows low self-control and poor mental health (Neresheimer & Daum, 2021).Permissive parenting style that is excessively applied by parents is said to be a parenting style that is done by parents' domination that is lack or even there is no parents' domination at all in directing individuals, parents do not guide and demand individuals so that those individuals have a large of freedom.Those impact on how individuals manage their emotion, and those individuals have the possibility to feel confusion about their own identity (Lo et al., 2020).
Authoritarian parenting style and permissive parenting style that are applied by parents in low levels indicates positive traits in individuals, problematic behavior that individuals have also decrease or just a little, and can function well, so that those individuals have a better mental health and can also develop well (Green et al., 2019).Then, authoritative parenting style that is applied by parents tend to have a clear direction towards individuals, parents with authoritative parenting style in a balanced manner provide demands and definite support to individuals so that individuals get support from parents in terms of emotional, protection, and not reluctant to declare many things to parents (Lawrenz & Habigzang, 2020).
The application of parenting style over individuals is really influencing on how the individuals develops and are directed, so that parents with the right parenting style over individuals especially homosexuals (gay) will have a good resilience.However, not all parents apply a good parenting style over individuals so that the individuals' ability in resilience is low (Neresheimer & Daum, 2021).Inappropriate parenting style over individuals is really affecting individuals' condition, so that the mismatch of parents in applying parenting style influence individuals until they are adult and can also reduce the individuals' ability to resilient in dealing with any kinds of problems they face today or someday (Qiu et al., 2021).
The research that is conducted by Yohana et al. (2020), found that authoritative parenting style have a significant relationship over resilience, it because authoritative parenting style that is applied, the father and the mother was given in balance between control as well as supervision.Father was described as the one who loves and helps significantly over resilience, both father and mother.In that research, teenagers with HIV/AIDS at Denpasar, Bali received more support from their fellows and schools so that the resilience increasement arise outside parenting style.Other than that, the research that was conducted by Mohammadi, Sanagoo, Kavosi, and Kavosi (2018), found that permissive parenting style did not have relation with resilience in Senior High School-male students that have talents and they who do not have talents at the City of Sari, Iran.It might be because the parents did not want to guide, so that the individuals tend to act as they want, difficult to solve their problem because of lack of support from others, and lack of previous experience (r= 0.21).
Contrary with that, research that was conducted by Zhai et al. (2015) said that permissive parenting style had a good relationship with resilience in Chinese teenagers aged 12-18 years old, so that Chinese teenagers could plan, thought positively, and family support that they thought is enough (r= .70).Research that was conducted by Nesrin & Mathai (2018) was also different from the previous study about the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and resilience.This research found that authoritarian parenting style had a relationship with resilience in high school students aged 15-17 at the City of Karela, India.It happened because in India has a collectivistic culture which illustrated that authoritarian parenting style was considered as a normal parenting style, so it was not considered as negative thing that could influence resilience levels in high school students at the City of Karela, India.

Methods
This study uses a quantitative type with correlational design to find out the relationship between parenting style with resilience in homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia.The population obtained in this study is homosexuals especially gay that exist in Indonesia.The sample technique that is used in this study is incidental sampling based on coincidence, which means anyone who is found coincidently by the researcher will be used as sample as if those individuals are indeed compatible and can be used as data sources (Sugiyono, 2013) Parenting style is measured using Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) scale from Buri, (1991) with the reference to the parenting style forms that were disclosed by Buri (1991)

Descriptive Analysis Test
Based on statistical data result, Table 2 shows there are as many as 454 participants, where in the authoritarian parenting style, fathers had a score that moved minimum at 8 to maximum score at 32 with standard deviation of 5.739 and had an average of 19,37.In the authoritative parenting style, fathers had a score that moved from 5 at minimum to 20 at maximum with standard deviation of 3.463 and average of 13.27.In the permissive parenting style, fathers had a minimum score of 4 then moved to maximum score at 16 with standard deviation of 2.979 and average of 10.17.Mothers' authoritarian parenting style had a score 8 at minimum to 32 at maximum with standard deviation of 5.627 and average of 18.65.Mothers' authoritative parenting style had a score 6 at minimum that moved to maximum score at 16 with standard deviation of 3.738 and average of 17.28.In the permissive parenting style, mothers had a score 5 at minimum that moved to maximum score at 20 with standard deviation of 3.139 and average of 13.10.Next, at resilience, mothers had a score 27 at minimum that moved to 124 at maximum with standard deviation of 13.486 and average of 84.77.After getting the result of descriptive statistic, the next step that must be taken is categorization on the existing scale.Based on the result of Table 3, score that is gotten from fathers' authoritarian parenting style shows that the average number is 19.37 with standard deviation of 5.739 from 454 participants, so it means that fathers' authoritarian parenting style toward homosexuals (gay) is mostly in medium category with the percentage of 48%.At authoritative parenting style, fathers had an average of 13.27 with standard deviation of 3.463 from 454 participants.It shows that authoritative parenting style of fathers toward homosexuals (gay) is mostly in medium category with percentage of 45%.And then, at permissive parenting style, fathers had average at 10.17 with standard deviation of 2.979 from 454 participants.It means that fathers' permissive parenting style toward homosexuals (gay) is mostly in medium category which is 44%.
At authoritarian parenting style, mothers show that the average is 18.65 with a standard deviation of 5.627 from 454 participants, so that the mothers' authoritarian parenting style towards homosexuals (gay) is mostly in the medium category with percentage of 49%.At authoritative parenting style, mother had an average of 17.28 with the standard deviation of 3.738 from 454 participants, so it shows that the mothers' authoritative parenting style toward homosexuals (gay) is mostly in the medium category with a percentage of 54%.Furthermore, at permissive parenting style, mothers had an average of 13.1 with a standard deviation of 3.139 which shows that the mothers' permissive parenting style toward homosexuals (gay) is partly in the medium category with a percentage of 54% and in resilience, it shows that the average is 84.77 with a standard deviation of 13.486.Therefore, resilience in homosexuals (gay) is mostly in the high category with a percentage of 72%

Assumption Test
The results of the normality test obtained the K-S-Z with Kolmogorov-Smirnov (Unstandardize Residual) obtained by .626with sig.= .827(p>.05) which shows that the variables used in this study have a normal distribution.Then the results of the fathers' parenting style linearity test and resilience showed Fdifferent with a large of 1.351 and sig.= .085(p>.05) which states that the parenting style of the father and resilience in homosexuals (gay) is linear.Based on the mothers' parenting style linearity test and resilience showed Fdifferent with a large of .702and the sig.= .929(p>.05) which shows that the parenting style of the mother and resilience in homosexuals (gay) is linear.

Hypothesis Test
Based on the results of the correlation test between parenting style and resilience in homosexuals (gay), the Table 4 shows that the value gotten by Pearson correlation in the fathers' authoritarian parenting style with resilience of .065with sig.= .084(p>.05) which shows that there is no relationship between fathers' authoritarian parenting style with resilience in homosexuals (gay).Fathers' authoritative parenting style with Pearson correlation resilience obtained by .003with sig.= .472(p>.05).In the fathers' permissive parenting style with resilience the acquisition of the Pearson correlation value is -.034 with sig.= .235(p>.05)where it shows that there is no relationship between fathers' permissive parenting styles and resilience in homosexuals (gay).
In the mothers' authoritarian parenting style calculation and resilience, the value obtained from Pearson correlation is .008with the sig.= .435(p>.05).This means that there is no relationship between mothers' authoritarian parenting styles and resilience in homosexuals (gay).Then, in the mothers' authoritative parenting style and resilience the Pearson correlation, the value obtained is .005with sig.= .457(p>.05) which means that there is no relationship between mothers' authoritative parenting style and resilience in homosexuals (gay).In addition, in the mothers' permissive parenting style and resilience of Pearson correlation, the value obtained is .015with sig.= .379(p>.05).This states that there is no relationship between mothers' permissive parenting style and resilience in homosexuals (gay).Based on the results obtained from this study, it shows that the proposed hypothesis regarding the relationship of authoritarian parenting styles from both fathers and mothers with resilience in homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia was rejected.It is because there was no relationship between authoritarian parenting style of fathers or mothers with resilience.This thing has a compatibility with the research conducted by Agustina et al. (2023) which stated that authoritarian parenting style of the mothers and fathers did not have a relationship with resilience in which the research over the first-level students during online learning had unrelated resilience toward parenting style.However, that thing is contrary to Reyes-Wapano (2022) research which stated that authoritarian parenting style had a direct relationship regarding a control or improvement in resilience of 166 female respondents and 134 male respondents with an average age of 19 years, where authoritarian parenting style applied by parents had a relationship with resilience that could predict the presence or absence of a resilience increasement of the participants.
In the authoritative parenting style of both fathers or mothers with resilience, the results show that the hypothesis is rejected, where there is no relationship between authoritative parenting style of both fathers and mothers with resilience in homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia.This is not similar to the research conducted by Sinha et al. (2016) where in their research, there was a significant relationship between parenting style and resilience in parents who had children with ISSN 2721-0960 (Print), ISSN 2721-0847 (online) Copyright © 2024, Journal La Sociale, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0 autism, spectrum disorders, learning disorders in children and children who did not diagnose with any disorder.The study revealed that the parenting style authoritative given by both parties, namely father and mother in the form of warmth and support could have an impact on the level of resilience.
The relationship of permissive parenting style from both fathers and mothers with Resilience in this study shows that the hypothesis is rejected which means that there is no relationship between permissive parenting style of both fathers and mothers with resilience in homosexuals (gay).Therefore, the results of this study are in accordance with the research of Andiyaman, et al. (2022) which showed that permissive parenting style of both fathers and mothers had no relationship with resilience in grade VII students of SMPN 33 Semarang where it occurred because of the characteristics of permissive parenting styles that tend to give freedom to children so that children might become irresponsible individuals and it would then also affected into their social life that made them become a selfish individuals, self-centered and easily judge others for what they did.However, the results of this study are contrary to the research of Mohammadi et al. (2018) which stated that permissive parenting style of both father and mother had a negative relationship with resilience toward talented students and non-talented students in the city of Sari, Iran.That thing was possible because children had the freedom to determine something so that they were able to act alone in dealing with problems without the support of others before.
In the authoritarian parenting style, authoritative parenting style and permissive parenting style of both fathers and mothers cannot predict links in several things and one of them is resilience (Zhong et al., 2016) so that in this study all forms of parenting styles owned by fathers and mothers do not shows good or bad correlation on resilience.The authoritarian parenting style of both fathers or mothers owned by participants in this study is mostly in the medium category where the level of parents in demanding, pressuring without support is in a category that is not too high and not too medium.Besides that, the authoritative parenting style of both fathers and mothers owned by the participants are also mostly in the medium category, they did not get open support in full, and the permissive parenting style of both fathers and mothers also shows that most of them are at a medium level so that participants are not directed or supported by their parents.Therefore, in parenting styles owned by homosexuals (gay) do not have a correlation with their resilience.
Participant resilience is felt to be influenced by other matters as interviews conducted by researchers on 12 participants with a length of 25 June to 25 July 2023 revealed that 10 of 12 participants did not deny as a homosexual (gay).They just got a lot of problems that arose because of sexual orientation they have.This made them depressed, difficult to adapt, had feelings of being ostracized and in general they revealed that there was a feeling of wanting to give up in living their lives.However, they also revealed that they could survive one of which is because they themselves who could grow the positive side inside themselves, developing a good identity in themselves and could accept themselves more positively so that they could make themselves resilient in various difficult things they face.Similar to the questions of the participants, in Pereira & Silva (2021) showed that homosexuals (gay) who could accept themselves and revealed their identities positively, had a good level of resilience, they would be far more resilient than those who were less able to accept themselves or identity positively.
Participants in this further interview also revealed that they could survive from various problems they faced because of the support of their closest friends who already knew who they were and what they had faced, so that those close friends support could make them survive even though there were many things they need to face.In addition, there was also motivation they get from other parties, the support of the surrounding environment that can accept them, ISSN 2721-0960 (Print), ISSN 2721-0847 (online) Copyright © 2024, Journal La Sociale, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0 especially fellow friends who have the same sexual orientation and it also showed that social contact could maintain the resilience possessed by homosexuals (gay) as Rothmann (2018) which showed that social construction had a good potential in encouraging and developing resilience in his research in the individuals' environment who have sexual minorities, one of which is homosexual (gay).
The research conducted by Garrett-Walker & Longmire-Avital (2018) also found that social support from the closest people, such as friends could make them had a better resilience toward homosexuals, one of which is gay, where they could choose good resilience level due to contributions from social support from friends who could maintain and increase homosexual resilience (gay).In addition, social support or groups that have the same sexual orientation also showed a good relationship in increasing homosexual resilience (gay).In research Krueger & Upchurch (2022) showed that in 171 adult homosexual repetition (gay) could have or increased good resilience due to social support or groups around them and others might also increase resilience to homosexuals (gay).
Other factors that influence resilience in homosexuals besides parenting style are internal and external factors as revealed in the study (de Lira & de Morais, 2018) which stated that there are two resilience factors in homosexuals, one of which is gay to be more resilience, namely Internal factors, and external factors.Internal factors in the form of openness of emotions, the existence of attitudes and positive acceptance of a self, and the existence of hopes and optimism in a self, so that it could make themselves more resilient over various problems or dynamics in life.External factors that became defense mechanism to become more resilient are the supporting factors of the surrounding environment, fellows, and acceptance factors from the surrounding people, so that the resilience in homosexuals, one of which is gay, would be good and better.In addition, the support of friends during a crisis could also make resilience factors for homosexuals, one of which is gay and other factors that can increase homosexual resilience (gay) is to make themselves better so that they could achieve high level education and be involved in educational activities (McNair et al., 2022).
Another factor that can affect homosexual resilience (gay) is a psychosocial factor that is owned so that it can affect homosexual resilience one of which is gay (Lyons et al., 2016).In Liboro et al. (2021) revealed that factors that can protect homosexual resilience (gay) are stable protection factors including spirituality, social support from friends and the environment, as well as educational factors, then the habit or behavioral factors that include activeness in participating in volunteer activities.The thing described above proves that resilience in homosexuals (gay) is not related to parenting style.This is because there are still other factors that have a relationship with resilience to homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia.
Based on the results of this study, the research hypothesis was rejected.Therefore, exploring needs to be done by further researchers regarding the limitations that exist.In this regard, homosexual resilience (gay) cannot be pictured from how the form of parenting styles owned by both fathers and mothers, so that the meaning in the parenting styles context of resilience is difficult to interpret in the homosexual context (gay).Resilience that is pictured in homosexuals (gay) is more directed to a self by developing a more positive identity as an individual, so that it can survive and struggle from the various conditions that happen in their lives.This supports previous finding by Pereira & Silva (2021) which related to the positive identity disclosure that can make homosexuals (gay) have a better increase in resilience and can rely on themselves in dealing with various difficult situations so that they are more resilient.
Homosexuals (gay) also described their resilience with environmental support that includes fellows and close friends, making them able to be more resilient as Rothmann (2018) research regarding the contribution of the social environment that can encourage and develop resilience to homosexuals (gay).Not only that, homosexual (gay) resilience is also illustrated from other social support such as friends and closest people who can increase resilience as Garrett-Walker & Longmire-Avital (2018) also found that social support from the closest person and friends has a good relationship with resilience to homosexuals, one of which is gay.
This research has illustrated that the emergence of resilience in gay homosexuals in Indonesia is not due to parenting style factors.This is based on the demographics of participants related to the length of being gay and the beginning of being gay.Direct personal and social events experienced by individuals can cause individuals to decide to come out as gay (Prabandari & Huwae, 2024).The decision to become gay about feeling comfortable with the same sex, gaining affection, openness, release, and instinct are also indications of individuals acting as gay.However, being a gay homosexual in Indonesia poses various impacts or risks to individuals and the surrounding environment.If this condition arises due to past trauma issues, then the involvement of significant others (such as parents and professionals) is still needed to assist in reducing the decision to act further in homosexual activities.The presence of homosexuals (gay) in society is also not easy, because cultural values are still very much attached, so the involvement of layers of society is still needed to help individuals see themselves as better individuals.
The research has been conducted with appropriate procedures.However, limitations in this study are still found to be evaluated and followed up for future research.In-depth exploration of the dynamics of an individual's life up to his decision to become a homosexual (gay) and how the individual can survive in difficult and difficult times, does not appear to be revealed in this study.Longitudinal studies are needed to demonstrate the life events lived by individuals who have come out as gay in Indonesia and study their dynamics with social life based on local cultural principles.

Conclusion
Based on the results of this study the conclusion is that there is no relationship between authoritarian parenting style either father or mother to homosexual resilience (gay) in Indonesia.In addition, authoritative parenting style of both father and mother with resilience also have no relationship.Similarly with permissive parenting style of both father and mother with resilience in homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia.This can be a new indication that parenting style is not one of the factors that can be related to homosexual resilience (gay) in Indonesia.
Suggestions from researchers for participants are expected to increase knowledge about homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia regarding parenting styles and resilience.In addition, it can increase knowledge about factors outside of parenting styles that might influence resilience of homosexuals (gay) and expected homosexuals (gay) can be better to fight, survive and learn from various situations encountered.Suggestions for further researchers are expected to develop this research by finding other factors that might be able to relate to resilience in homosexuals (gay).Future research can also be followed up with the use of other methods such as qualitative to find out and describe homosexual resilience (gay) in Indonesia.In addition, future research could conduct a longitudinal study involving social, spiritual, and psychological elements to reveal the depth of individual decisions and actions in living as a gay person and the direct risks they face in Indonesian society based on local cultural values.

Table 1 .
. Demography table is served at Table 1.Demographist Data ISSN 2721-0960 (Print), ISSN 2721-0847 (online) Copyright © 2024, Journal La Sociale, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0 The validity coefficient items of mother's authoritarian parenting style are in a range of r= .469-.724 with the number of Cronbach Alpha reliability is .868.In mother's authoritative parenting style, the validity coefficient items that are owned are in a range of r= .394-.706 and the number of Cronbach Alpha reliability is .843.In mother's permissive parenting style, the validity coefficient items that are owned are in a range of r= .388-.706 with number of Cronbach Alpha reliability is .746.The Hypothesis test in this study is using product moment by Karl Pearson with software IBM SPSS Statistic 24 for Windows.
which is authoritarian parenting style, authoritative parenting style, and permissive parenting style.Father's parenting style scale consists of 17 items while mother's parenting style scale consists of 21 items using favorable statement.The example of father's parenting style-scale item is "If I have different opinion, Father will still force me to do something he considers right" and the example of mother's parenting style-scale item is "If I have different opinion, Mother will still force me to do something she considers right."The response of the answer using Likert model which consists of 4 categories which are strongly agree (SA), quite agree (QA), disagree (D), strongly disagree (SD).The validity coefficient items of father's authoritarian parenting style are in a range of r= .459-.729 and Cronbach Alpha reliability is .868.The validity coefficient items of father's authoritative are in a range of r= .367-.588 with the number of Cronbach Alpha reliability is .776.In father's permissive parenting style, the validity coefficient items that are owned are in a range of r= .544-.618 and the Cronbach Alpha reliability is .768.item example of resilience scale is "I cannot use positive emotions to help me face the problems."The response using Likert model which consists of 5 categories which are strongly agree (SA), Agree (A), Neutral (N), disagree (D), strongly disagree (SD).The validity coefficient items of resilience are in a range of r= .303-.582 with Cronbach Alpha reliability is .873.

Table 2 .
Descriptive Analysis Test

Table 3 .
The Categorization Scale of Parenting Style and Resilience

Table 4 .
Correlation Test between Parenting Style and Resilience in Homosexuals (Gay)