The Influence of Efficacy and Threat Messages on the Intention to Complete the Covid-19 Booster Vaccination: Experimental Study of University Students

Victoria Kesha Ayunarendra; Siko   Wiyanto; Ivan   Nurdin

doi:10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v5i3.1341

Victoria Kesha Ayunarendra Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Siko Wiyanto Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Ivan Nurdin Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v5i3.1341

Keywords: Covid-19, EPPM, Booster, Efficacy, Threat

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic that has occurred since 2020 has not ended until now. The government has made various countermeasures, one of which is accelerating the third or booster vaccine program. However, research results show that the number of people who have received the booster vaccine is still very far from the government's target. One of the reasons why the number of booster vaccine recipients is far from the target is due to people's reluctance to receive booster vaccines. Therefore, effective communication is needed to overcome this problem. Based on previous research, the fear approach is considered an effective way to promote health messages. So, this research tries to use the Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM) theory to see the influence of efficacy and threat messages on intentions to take a booster vaccine. The results of this study were that there was no change in intention to carry out booster vaccination in respondents who were given a high threat or a low threat.

References

Armani, M. (2020). Daftar 29 Negara yang Telah Memulai Vaksinasi Covid-19, Mana Saja? Kompas.Com.

Asarnow, S. (2020). Shared agency without shared intention. The Philosophical Quarterly, 70(281), 665-688.

Chen, L., & Yang, X. (2019). Using EPPM to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Fear Appeal Messages Across Different Media Outlets to Increase the Intention of Breast Self-Examination Among Chinese Women. Health Communication, 34(11), 1369–1376. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1493416

CNNIndonesia. (2022). Kemenkes: Merasa Kasus Terkendali, Masih Ada Warga Enggan Booster. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220708123255-20-818947/kemenkes-merasa-kasus-terkendali-masih-ada-warga-enggan-booster

Fridland, E. (2021). Intention at the Interface. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 12(3), 481–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-019-00452-x

Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D. (2021). Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(5), 1875–1888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5

Jaya, I. M. L. M. (2020). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif Teori, Penerapan, dan Riset Nyata. Anak Hebat Indonesia.

Karunia, A. M. (2022, July 5). Vaksin Booster Jadi Syarat Perjalanan dan Kegiatan Masyarakat, Ini Penjelasan Luhut. Kompas.Com.

Kominfo. (2022). Pemerintah Putuskan Vaksinasi Booster Mulai 12 Januari Mendatang. https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/39173/pemerintah-putuskan-vaksinasi-booster-mulai-12-januari-mendatang/0/berita

Lambert, V., Ferguson, S. G., Niederdeppe, J., Hammond, D., Hardin, J. W., & Thrasher, J. F. (2018). Exploring the impact of efcacy messages on cessationrelated outcomes using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 16(September), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/94460

Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. In Teaching Sociology (Vol. 30, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.2307/3211488

Park, Y. S., Konge, L., & Artino, A. R. (2020). The Positivism Paradigm of Research. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 690–694. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003093

Popova, L. (2012). The Extended Parallel Process Model: Illuminating the Gaps in Research. Health Education and Behavior, 39(4), 455–473. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198111418108

Sari, H. P. (2021). [KALEIDOSKOP 2021] Varian Delta yang Menggila, Pelajaran Penting di Bulan Juli. Kompas.Com.

Setditjen Falmalkes. (2022). Dukungan Penyediaan Vaksin bagi Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi COVID-19. Vaksin COVID-19 tiba divaksin CoronaVac buatan dari Sinovac.

Symons, C., Amlôt, R., Carter, H., & Rubin, G. J. (2021). Effects of threat and efficacy messages on expected adherence to decontamination protocols in an immersive simulated chemical incident: A randomized controlled experiment. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 29(1), 54–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12320

Tsoy, D., Godinic, D., Tong, Q., Obrenovic, B., Khudaykulov, A., & Kurpayanidi, K. (2022). Impact of Social Media, Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) on the Intention to Stay at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127192

Ward, N. J., Finley, K., Townsend, A., & Scott, B. G. (2021). The effects of message threat on psychological reactance to traffic safety messaging. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 80, 250–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.04.013

Widyawati (Kepala Biro Komunikasi dan Pelayanan Masyarakat). (2022). Lonjakan Kasus COVID di Indonesia, Disebabkan Peningkatan Testing dan Tracing.

Witte, K. (1992). Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Communication Monographs, 59(4), 329–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759209376276

Yang, J., Wu, X., Sasaki, K., & Yamada, Y. (2021). No significant association of repeated messages with changes in health compliance in the covid-19 pandemic: A registered report on the extended parallel process model. PeerJ, 9, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11559

Zhang, W., Xiong, S., Zheng, Y., & Wu, J. (2022). Response Efficacy and Self-Efficacy Mediated the Relationship between Perceived Threat and Psychic Anxiety among College Students in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(5). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052832