Analysis of the Effect of Social Media on Teenage Premarital Sex at SMAN 8 in Jambi City

In the era of globalization, the dissemination of information is done quickly and easily. The development of technology is the background of this condition. This study aims to determine the effect of social media on adolescent premarital sex in SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City. This design is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Data collection methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. The key informants of the research were 2 students and 1 BK teacher with supporting informants from parents, friends outside of school, school friends and informants' boyfriends and continued in a synergistic comprehensive manner involving stakeholders and grassroots. The results of in-depth interviews found that the condition of teenagers at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City was well behaved, students' media exposure using social media such as whatsapp, instagram, youtube via cellphone for daily activities in doing school assignments, students acknowledged a change in behavior after using social media and towards premarital sex teenagers consider holding hands with the opposite sex is normal. Social media conclusions have an influence on them by imitating what they see that changes their behavior and way of thinking in carrying out their roles as teenagers. It is recommended that the school improve supervision of students in the use of cellphones during school hours, and Adolescent Reproductive Health and Information communication officers increase the intensity of visits to schools to disseminate wisdom in the use of social media


Introduction
Surveys in 24 countries in North America and Europe show that adolescent sexual behavior begins at the age of 15 years. The survey, which was conducted in 33,943 in 24 countries and conducted by the Service Medical du Rocktorat de Toulouse, showed that 13.2% of adolescents had been sexually active since 15 years. The results of a survey from the Department of Health & Human Services (2018) on high school students in the United States showed that 41% of students had had sexual intercourse and nearly 230,000 babies were born to teenage girls aged 15-19 years (teen pregnancy prevention, 2018).
According to WHO in Widyaningrum (2015), it is estimated that around the world every year around 40-60 million people have free sex, in the world an estimated 1.2 billion or about 1/5 of the world's population who are pregnant out of wedlock. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia revealed that from 1189 unmarried adolescents (aged 13-19 years) in West Java and 922 adolescents in Bali, 7% of female adolescents in West Java and 5% in Bali About 1 billion people on this earth are teenagers, 85 percent of whom are in developing countries. Data shows that many teenagers are sexually active, half of whom are married. This sexual activity exposes adolescents to the risk of various reproductive health problems. Around 15 million adolescents aged 15-19 years give birth each year, 4 million have abortions and nearly 100 million are infected with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Every day an estimated 7,000 adolescents are infected with HIV (Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), 2016). This health risk is influenced by various interrelated factors, namely the demand for young marriage and sexual relations, access to education and employment, gender inequality, sexual violence and the influence of social media and popular lifestyles (Ninuk, 2015).
Infodatin data in 2016, it is known that adolescent reproduction in the age range of 15-17 years, about 33.3 percent of adolescent girls start dating when they are not yet 15 years old. At that age, it is feared that they do not have adequate life skills, so they are at risk of having unhealthy dating behavior, including premarital sex. Premarital sex is at risk of teenage pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, unplanned pregnancies and can lead to abortion and teenage marriage. Both will have an impact on the future of the teenager (Ministry of Health, 2015).
From the results of the BKKBN data, it was reported that teenagers (8%) had sexual intercourse (BKKBN, 2019). In addition to the very large number of adolescents have very complex problems along with the transition period experienced by adolescents. Problems that stand out among adolescents include sexuality problems, namely unwanted pregnancies and abortions, infection with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV and AIDS and drugs (Sarwono, 1930).
In the era of globalization, the dissemination of information is done quickly and easily. The development of technology is the reason behind this condition. In ancient times, information could only be obtained if we met with people who would provide information. Currently, information is very easy to obtain through the internet, television and radio, the rapid dissemination of information is an opportunity for rapid information dissemination which can also be a challenge for the community to obtain the right information. The unavailability of accurate and correct information about reproductive health, especially sexuality, forces adolescents to explore on their own. , whether through print, electronic media or friendship which is likely to be wrong (Sarwono, 1930).
Based on a preliminary study interviewed with 6 students of SMA N 8 Jambi City that students said they had an android (mobile phone) and were allowed to use android (mobile phone) by teachers in the school environment, Android users were only allowed to be used to help complete school assignments, but on This preliminary study found that when accessing the internet (google chrome) pornographic sites appeared and 2 of them opened the site due to curiosity and curiosity about the contents of the site, and students also used social media, when students saw social media often too pornographic sites appeared and 4 students also said they had close friends (girlfriends). This is allegedly related to the lack of sources of information and reproductive health education that they get. This study aims to find out more about the influence of social media on premarital sex in SMA N 8 Jambi City.
Based on these problems, the researcher is interested in researching "How is the Effect of Social Media on Premarital Sex for Teenagers at SMA N 8 Jambi City in 2020"

Methods
This type of research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, namely a research method that seeks the meaning of understanding, understanding of a phenomenon, event or human life by being directly or indirectly involved in the setting being studied, contextual and comprehensive. In this study, qualitative research data complements qualitative data. This research strategy begins with and data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. In qualitative research, data is obtained from various sources, using various data collection techniques (triangulation) and is carried out continuously until the data is saturated. Qualitative data analysis is inductive in nature, namely an analysis based on the data obtained, then a certain relationship pattern is developed or a hypothesis. Data analysis is an important step in research because it can give meaning to the data collected by researchers. Data obtained and collected from respondents through observations, interviews, literature studies and field documentation to be further described in the form of reports. Data analysis in this study was carried out through three activities that occurred simultaneously, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. Observation has a passive role by researchers to observe and dig up information about the behavior and conditions of the research environment according to actual conditions. The observation technique aims to observe the influence of social media on the behavior under study. The research will be conducted in the Working Area of SMA N 8 Jambi City, when the research was conducted in October 2019-March 2020. This supporting or written data source (document) consists of written sources relating to how teenagers at SMA N 8 Jambi City are viewed from the factors age and activities carried out by adolescents in their spare time. This documentation method is also used to find out some of the necessary documents such as photos of youth activities. This method is useful for researchers in collecting data.

Result and Discussion
Based on the data obtained from the results of research with 98 respondents can be seen in the frequency distribution table as follows:

Social Media Exposure to Teenagers
Social media is one example of an online-based media with many users spread throughout the world. Social media is generally used to share and participate. Not infrequently, social media is also used as a means for social interaction. This is due to the ease of accessing social media which can be done anytime and anywhere.
Based on the results of in-depth interviews with BK teachers regarding social media for teenagers at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City, the following information was obtained: "The problem with our cellphones is that we can't ban them, so sometimes cellphones are needed for them, so internet problems are allowed to use the internet, and also if there is an assignment, they can search on the internet, as long as they don't open up negative things. And it depends on the child." "For the use of social media among students of SMA Negeri 8, we do not completely prohibit using cellphones, using other social media, but here it is the duty as a teacher to direct children to guide children, in everyday life try to see positive things on social media.
"What I know is that social media with students is used to search for school assignments, especially the use of the internet, namely Google. And just for entertainment once in a while they open Instagram, YouTube and Facebook every now and then.
Based on the results of in-depth interviews with students of SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City regarding social media, the following information was obtained: "In the school environment we are allowed to bring cellphones, but there are restrictions on using them, for example to look for assignments from teachers who require internet access, then during break hours, that's OK."

Social Media Exposure to Teenagers
Social media is one example of an online-based media with many users spread throughout the world. Social media is generally used to share and participate. Not infrequently, social media is also used as a means for social interaction. This is due to the ease of accessing social media which can be done anytime and anywhere.
Based on the results of in-depth interviews with BK teachers regarding social media for teenagers at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City, the following information was obtained: "The problem with our cellphones is that we can't ban them, so sometimes cellphones are needed for them, so internet problems are allowed to use the internet, and also if there is an assignment, they can search on the internet, as long as they don't open up negative things. And it depends on the child." "For the use of social media among students of SMA Negeri 8, we do not completely prohibit using cellphones, using other social media, but here it is the duty as a teacher to direct children to guide children, in everyday life try to see positive things on social media.
"What I know is that social media with students is used to search for school assignments, especially the use of the internet, namely Google. And just for entertainment once in a while they open Instagram, YouTube and Facebook every now and then.
Based on the results of in-depth interviews with students of SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City regarding social media, the following information was obtained:   State high school youth use cell phones for positive things. Like completing school assignments and even playing games on the cellphone application and watching things that are going viral.
Based on table 6 above, we can see that the condition of teenagers in SMA Negeri 8 each at school uses a cellphone, but cellphones are used in positive things such as looking for school assignments, and playing games or watching things that are viral.

Social Media in Adolescent Behavior Change
Social media is a medium as a means to share useful information for many people, from one person to many others. By sharing this information, it is hoped that many parties will know about the information, both on a national and international scale and even in changing a person's behavior.
Based on the results of in-depth interviews with BK teachers regarding social media on changes in adolescent behavior at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City, the following information was obtained: "But the comparison is clear, progress can make children lazy too, can make children progress too, if in the past they were specifically studying, now they have there is internet, so it broke." "And now there are quite a few students going to the library, because everywhere there is internet, but it also depends on the child, if there are children who have a high desire to learn, the internet is for learning for them".
"And with the advent of mobile phones, people are now individual, busy with their own world.
"And if in the past mother said she was a lot of shyness, if nowadays she has a lot of courage, for example, when they want to go to the canteen, they hold hands like that.
In the past, it wasn't, so nowadays teenagers are too brave. We compare the past, they are very different, their manners, if now for example he is alone, we just ignore him, in the past he was very shy, now it's just normal".
The results of in-depth interviews with students of SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City regarding social media on behavior change obtained the following information: "The social media that I often use are Instagram, WhatsApp, and Youtube. The thing that attracts me is watching youtube, it motivates me to go forward. It's like seeing youtubers who can make money. Then the internet when I graduated from high school, to find information about college that I didn't know the information about became known ""if I usually I see the style of clothes or fashion that is now trending".
"Sometimes people see something they want to imitate and are influenced when they see something that is viral on YouTube or Instagram".

Adolescent Condition Analysis
In this study, teenagers from SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City were selected as respondents in this study. Teenagers of SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City have good behavior according to their age both in the school environment and outside the school environment and have a habit of often gathering with peers. The condition of adolescents in this school is the same as conditions in other schools. They hang out, socialize like teenagers usually do. This is in accordance with the explanation of Amelia Dwi and Rachmy Diana's research theory (Syifaunnufush & Diana, 2017) which explains that the development of identity will certainly help adolescents to complete developmental tasks such as achieving new, more mature relationships with peers achieve good social roles, gain emotional freedom from parents and other adults, achieve socially responsible behavior and have values and ethical systems as guidelines for their behavior.
For teenagers, gathering and joking with peers in the school environment and outside of school is a positive activity. By gathering and joking they can bring out a sense of happiness in each of them. In addition, they are busy with extracurricular activities held at school. School is an educational environment. At school, in addition to receiving academic education, students are also educated to behave properly according to school rules and norms that apply in society. However, it turns out that there are still students who behave deviantly such as fighting and courting that exceeds the limit. This is in accordance with the results of Ani Yunita et al's research showing that there are deviant behaviors committed by junior high school students in Pekalongan City in the form of acts of violence/fighting and courtship exceeding the limit. The deviant behavior is caused by internal factors and external factors. Internal factors in the form of disturbances in the way of thinking, emotional disturbances, and lack of faith/religiosity. While external factors in the form of a family that is not intact, the wrong education in the family, the social environment, the sense of loyalty of students' friends and the agreement of students in one class are negative.

Analysis of Social Media Exposure on Teenagers
From year to year, social media has developed very quickly. Because every year maybe even every month for sure, there will be developments in social media. Social media consists of print mass media and electronic media. Types of print media include magazines and newspapers. While electronic media, among others, radio, television, and mobile phones. In this study, respondents use cellphones for daily activities, the development of social media will cause many influences. There are positive and negative influences, especially for teenagers aged 15-23 years.
Teenagers at that age are still very easily contaminated and affected by technological changes, because their age is still very unstable. Teenagers are usually not able to filter the culture that enters their environment. There are many influences caused by the development of internet mass media. The description above is in line with the opinion of Onong Uchjana (1986: 12) which states that social media can have both negative and positive impacts. On the one hand, the information conveyed can stimulate the pace of the development process in changing or renewing the orientation of life. But on the other hand, its role is still doubtful in strengthening national identity because the information conveyed can cause unrest due to conflicts of incompatibility with prevailing values. Therefore, the impact of the mass media itself depends on how we respond to it and accept it. Because in the future, social media will continue to grow rapidly.
Social change means a change in the structure and function of society, these changes can be seen by the modifications that occur in the pattern of human life (Davis, in Naszir, 2008). This is reinforced by MacIver in Soekanto (44) saying that "Social changes are associated with changes in social relationships or as changes in the balance of social relations". Social change can occur in material or non-material forms, and can affect social relations and the balance that exists in society as a form of adjustment and development of life patterns towards better things.

Analysis of Social Media in Adolescent Behavior Change
From the results of observations and in-depth interviews that have been carried out, that the majority of teenagers at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City make cellphones as their needs, as the consumption of their daily activities. Teenagers are quite happy with existing facilities such as laptops and cellphones to access the internet with the reason that by using their cellphones they don't know anything, such as when they want to find information about the college or college they will go to when they graduate from high school.
Social media can provide positive benefits, namely as a means to find the news or knowledge they are looking for. Whatever news they want to find, there must be on the internet. Social media development will also lead to behavioral changes. Based on the results of the study, internet social media has contributed a lot in changing adolescent behavior. These contributions are through the many impressions that are presented on social media and the internet. Changes in behavior caused by social media can be seen from the fashion and lifestyle of teenagers who often follow current trends.

Analysis of Social Media on Premarital Sex
The condition of teenagers in SMA Negeri 8 each at school uses a cellphone, but cellphones are used for positive things such as the current trend, both in terms of clothing trends. schoolwork, just for entertainment like youtube and instagram. It is undeniable that when they are surfing with gadgets, namely youtube or instagram and google, they accidentally get a glimpse of pornographic images that suddenly appear as advertising venues (Juwita et al., 2020). And they said that the peacock did not continue to watch the video.
According to (Sarwono, 2016), One of the factors that influence the emergence of sexuality problems in adolescents is the use of social media, where the tendency of violations is increasing due to the dissemination of information and sexual stimulation through social media which with the existence of advanced technology becomes unstoppable. Adolescents who are in this period, are curious and want to try, will imitate what they see or hear from social media, especially because they generally do not know about sexual problems completely from their parents (Wulandari et al., 2020).

Synergistic, Stakeholder and Grassroots Comparative Analysis to Prevent Premarital Sex in Adolescents at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City
Parents of SMA N 8 teenagers said that they facilitated what their children wanted. For example, they facilitate their children to use cellphones and laptops for activities both at school and at home. With such facilities, teenagers have the freedom to access what they want to know. However, the parents of the teenager said that to control unwanted things, they checked each child's cellphone. Then by limiting the association with peers outside the home.
Teachers of SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City are always active in providing direction and advice regarding relationships or deviant behaviors such as premarital sex once a month and even one of them is actively collaborating with KRR officers who are in the local work area health center. By sending one of the students to be trained as a counselor if one day there are peers who are having problems. So, with this program students will be more open with friends than with teachers and puskesmas officers. Teenagers of SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City indeed all students are allowed to use cellphones and laptops in the school environment, but the teacher gives rules in applying them. Namely at study times that require internet assistance and during school breaks.
In addition, the school also cooperates with Kominfo officers to provide direction for each student that in using social media such as cellphones it should be in accordance with what is needed at this time, namely to ease in doing school problems. The Ministry of Communication and Informatics also provides directions so that students are fortified with religious knowledge. With this religious knowledge they will be able to distinguish between good and bad.
According to H Hendi and Rahmadani Wahyu Suhendi, parents consist of father, mother and brothers and sisters. Parents or commonly referred to as family, or identical with the person who guides children in the family. Although parents are basically divided into three, namely biological parents, foster parents, and step parents. But all of them in this chapter are defined as family. Meanwhile, the definition of family is a bond between a man and a woman based on the law and legal marriage laws. Parents are people who have a mandate from God to educate children with full responsibility and with love.

Conclusion
In this study, the results of in-depth interviews showed that teenagers at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City that the condition of teenagers at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City had good behavior and had the habit of frequently gathering with peers, as for social media exposure, students of SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City used media mobile social. Mobile phones are used for daily activities and doing school assignments. As for which includes daily activities using mobile phones are playing games, viewing YouTube and Facebook, WhatsApp. Just like other teenagers, they make friends, hang out, and play together both in school and outside of school. Social media has an influence on them by imitating what they see and it changes their behavior and way of thinking in carrying out their role as teenagers. Teenagers are now more courageous in displaying what they have as can be seen from the results of in-depth interviews with the BK teacher and student that teenagers dare to hold hands when with their girlfriends or close friends as that holding hands is one of the premarital sex acts. Premarital sex is a form of sexual activity carried out by adolescents, which includes matters related to sexuality, performing various kinds of risky sexual behavior consisting of certain stages, starting from holding hands, kissing forehead, wet kissing, hugging, holding or fingering the sensitive, petting, oral sex and intercourse. What is done by a couple who are not bound by marriage. Parents of teenagers at SMA Negeri 8 Kota Jambi facilitate what their children want, for example they facilitate their children to have cellphones and laptops for activities both at school and at home, but they always check their children's cellphones and limit socializing with their peers outside the home. Teachers of SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City are always active in providing direction and advice regarding relationships and deviant behaviors such as premarital sex. Every once a month the school collaborates with KRR officers who are at the Puskesmas in the local work area. and always giving directions on religious lectures and schools as well as collaborating with KOMINFO to give direction to every student that the correct use of social media is that we are smart in sorting out the information we can take and what we can access.