Effectiveness of Village Fund Management in Economic and Infrastructure Development

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of village funds for economic and infrastructure development in Salletto Village. The research method used was a qualitative research method which was taken using the results of interviews conducted with informants namely the Village Head, Village Secretary, Head of General Planning, Hamlet Head and the Community. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research obtained are that the Salletto Village Economic and Infrastructure Development program has been running quite well when viewed from three indicators of effectiveness starting from the planning indicator where a development program must exist and on time. Implementation indicators where the program planning results from deliberation meetings must be implemented. And the third indicator is monitoring and evaluation where the village government must be able to control the development being carried out so that it can find out whether the development is in accordance with the provisions or not.


Introduction
Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic country in the world with 17,508 islands and is the fourth country with the largest population of around 276.639 million people, is faced with various social issues, especially poverty and lack of infrastructure.These problems are deeply felt in rural areas, especially in remote and underdeveloped areas.This is contrary to the principles of the 1945 Constitution which mandates "to advance the general welfare and brighten the life of the nation," which means that poverty is the responsibility of the state, namely its own government (DPR, 1945).Infrastructure is crucial to support the realization of people's welfare and national development.
The effectiveness of development is a measure of the achievement of predetermined goals.In this context of effectiveness, community support and involvement in village development is very important (Juwana et al., 2007).Communities must participate and be empowered to manage local affairs according to their needs and aspirations.Therefore, community participation is a key element to the success of development programs (Sudaryanto et al., 2006).
Recognizing the importance of village development, a shift from a centralized to decentralized system is urgently needed (Hadiz, 2004).This provides opportunities for villages to mind their own affairs according to local needs.Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning villages strengthens the village's position in decision making (Kompas, 2014).However, there is concern over the potential misuse of village funds by village officials which can lead to corruption (Sujatmiko, 2018).To avoid this, training and supervision for village officials is crucial to minimize the risk of misuse of village funds.
Two types of data are used in this study.First, qualitative data obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation.This type of data describes the phenomenon that is studied in depth by describing its meaning and context.Second, quantitative data in the form of numbers which will be analyzed using statistical methods.
Source of data in this research comes from primary data and secondary data.Primary data was obtained through field research with direct interaction, such as interviews with various parties in Salletto Village.Meanwhile, secondary data is information from literary sources such as books, documents, and journals that support the research focus.
Data collection techniques consist of observation, interviews, and documentation.Observations were made to observe social changes that occurred in the context of Village Fund Effectiveness in Salletto Village Economic and Infrastructure Development.Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain information from Salletto Village directly, while documentation involved collecting written or electronic data related to research.Data analysis was carried out qualitatively with a descriptive method.The data obtained will be reduced to identify important patterns and themes, then presented in the form of narratives, tables or images.Conclusions are drawn from the meaning of the data that has been interpreted by looking for relationships, patterns, and emerging meanings.

Village Fund Effectiveness
In planning indicators there are two sub-indicators that need to be seen, namely timely and on target.Based on the findings obtained through interviews with the Village Head, Village Officials and the Salletto Village Community, that the implementation of the rural economic and infrastructure development program in Salletto Village has been carried out and completed in a timely manner and also the implementation of the development program is of course appropriate in Salletto Village., through this development the Salletto Village Community was greatly assisted and beneficial to the Salletto Village community.Some of these programs include the construction of farmer's footpaths, the construction and rehabilitation of increased infiltration sources and the provision of village clean water.
From the findings it can be seen that prior to implementing the rural economic and infrastructure development program in Salletto Village, it should have been socialized to the community through village meetings or hamlet meetings so that the community could find out the purpose of the program.It turned out that the implementation of the socialization had been carried out well even before the implementation of the program had been discussed through a musrembang conducted by the village government, therefore the community was also very interested in the program considering the development of Salletto Village in increasing village progress.
As for the implementation of rural economic and infrastructure development programs starting from the planning stage through hamlet meetings then the community's proposals are summarized and brought to village meetings.held.The implementation of the development program is not only limited to the completion of the work, but there will still be monitoring and evaluation from the village government so that it can find out whether the program has met expectations or not.The budget for economic and infrastructure development comes from the Village Fund.
The Village Fund is a fund sourced from the APBN, of which 30% is used for operations and 70% is used for development.The Village Fund is said to be effective if the funds are used in accordance with the objectives and also the Village fund policy itself.The effectiveness of using Village funds can be measured using five precisions, namely the right policy, the right target, the right environment, and the right process (Fatimatuz, 2018).
Based on the cycle in Village fund activities from Salletto Village, Simboro District, Mamuju Regency, it is the preparation of plans, Village Musrenbang which involve the Village government, BPD, and community groups starting from the hamlet level to the Village level, setting plans, plans here are APBDes guidelines, APBDes determination , implementation of development, wherein the development involves all local communities, monitoring and evaluation, the village government is obliged to carry out so that it can control how the development is utilized and maintained.

Effectiveness of Village Fund Management
The effectiveness of Village Fund Management is fully carried out by the Village implementation team.In implementing allocations and allocation stages and stages that will be achieved in the future, the Village implementation team needs to be open to the whole community.This disclosure of information is an effort by the Village government to apply the principle of transparency in managing Village fund allocations in Salletto Village in order to create a trust in the Village government so that the community also understands what programs will be implemented.The policies issued must be based on aspects that are one of the elements in allocating Village funds so that they can be effective and run according to plan by looking at several factors such as community needs and the level of community understanding of this development.
Copyright © 2023, Journal La Bisecoman, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0 The effectiveness of a management can be influenced by the degree to which the community needs the program to be implemented, therefore every policy orientation that is planned, is being carried out and realized must be discussed in deliberation so that the planned aspects can be evaluated first so that the effectiveness of the policy can be in accordance with what is planned.expected by the community by listening to opinions from the entire community so that the program to be implemented can run effectively.Based on the analysis of the contents of the interviews with the respondents or informants, it was stated that the effectiveness of implementing Village fund management had been proven from Mr. Abdul Kadir's statement.B as the Head of Salletto Village explained that: "The implementation of the development program carried out is the result of joint deliberations with the BPD and the community through musrembang in discussing the program to be carried out in order to achieve an effective management of Village funds" Supervision from all elements of society on the allocation of Village funds from the Economic and Infrastructure Development program so that it can continue to run so that the Effectiveness of Village Fund Management is in accordance with the expectations of the people of Salletto Village.The implementation of the Effectiveness of Village Fund Management has been proven from Rahmat Paisal's statement as Salletto Village Treasurer explaining that:

"It has been carried out and realized in a timely manner and this development is in accordance with the planned schedule and has been used by the local community"
So from what is known that the implementation of deliberations conducted by the Village government and the form of community oversight of policies from the Economic and Infrastructure Development program can run according to community expectations so that the Effectiveness of Village Fund Management can run well.

Economic Development
Dynamically, economic development is an orientation and an endless business activity.The development process is a socio-economic change.In order for economic development to become a process moving forward it depends on people and their social structures.Economic development can also increase the economic rate of both a country and a Region/Village, this can change every existing structure in the economy.The explanation above is in accordance with what was stated by (Subandi, 2011).The development process requires economic growth followed by changes in economic structure, from agriculture to industry or services, institutional changes either through regulations or institutional reforms.Planned economic development is felt more as a more rational and orderly effort for the development of a society that has not yet developed or has developed.
Economic development is an effort to increase the standard of living and realize the existing potential systematically.Based on the analysis of the contents of the interviews with the respondents stated that.From the village fund management economic development program, it has been proven from the statement of Mr. Muh Asry as Head of Salletto Village Planning Head explaining that:

"In the implementation and planning of community development, the community is always involved so that the village government is not mistaken in making decisions. The implementation of the economic development program has been discussed and implemented by conducting BUMDes management training and strengthening food security for farmers"
Copyright © 2023, Journal La Bisecoman, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0 The most important part in implementing the program is the form of cooperation from all elements of the village community, from youth to parents, so that the program is implemented successfully.From the Village fund management economic development program, it has been proven from Mr. Madin's statement as the head of Ganno Hamlet explaining that: "That the planning process for improving the economy has been discussed in the Musrenbang where each program and those involved in the economic development program are the community through a training carried out by the village government" From the economic development program carried out by the village government in an effort to create and open up many opportunities for the community to be able to take advantage of the existing potential of Salletto Village such as crop productivity yields that can have economic value so that from economic development programs carried out by the Village government the community can develop even more opportunities in increasing the income and welfare of the people of Salletto Village.

Infrastructure
infrastructure can be used as a basic need of the community with the necessary infrastructure to guarantee the community's economy.Of the 100% Village fund allocation policy of 70% for infrastructure development and 30% for village community empowerment, the infrastructure currently being realized in Salletto Village and benefiting the community is the construction and rehabilitation of road paving, construction of farm roads and procurement of infiltration wells.
The impact felt by the community is the issuance of a Village policy regarding infrastructure development which helps the community more, such as the construction and rehabilitation of farm roads which can make it easier for farmers to land on plantations without having to walk as well as when they want to transport their crops as well as having infiltration wells making it easier for the community to get clean water because they will not be far from walking to the well.Even though the development program is not evenly distributed in all hamlets in Salletto Village, all of this has been through the results of a joint agreement in deliberations carried out by the Village government, BPD, and the community.Based on an analysis of the contents of interviews with respondents or informants, it was stated that the Village fund management program had been proven from Arman's statement that he worked as an entrepreneur explaining that: "The benefits obtained for the people of Salletto Village in the infrastructure program are very helpful, starting from road infrastructure to providing infiltration water, but sometimes the community doesn't pay enough attention to the existing infrastructure" The benefits obtained from infrastructure are very useful in helping community activities.From various aspects of convenience, the Salletto Village government must pay a lot of attention to the needs of the entire community so that the planned and implemented infrastructure can help the community in its beneficiaries.From the village fund policy infrastructure program, it has been proven from Muhammad Saleh's statement working as an entrepreneur explaining that:

"It really helps the community in their activities, especially in road use because it can facilitate community access in the educational aspect and in general"
All infrastructure programs implemented by the government of Salletto Village are an effort to assist community mobility in their daily activities, from road infrastructure and infiltration water supply so that the people in Salletto Village can be greatly assisted.
Copyright © 2023, Journal La Bisecoman, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0 From the results of the research above, the effectiveness of village fund allocation in Salletto Village, Simboro District, Mamuju Regency from the Economic and Infrastructure Development program has been going well on the Effectiveness of Village Fund Management.From every form of program that is planned and has been realized and involves the whole community in every decision-making at deliberations as a form of concern for the people of Salletto Village so that they can monitor the effectiveness of the implemented program policies.Thus it is necessary to make continuous improvements while still adjusting to the situation and developments in the applicable laws and regulations.

Conclusion
Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the rural economic and infrastructure development program in Salletto Village when viewed from three indicators of effectiveness starting from the first indicator, namely planning where in the implementation of the program everything must be carried out and completed in a timely manner even though in the development process not all are hamlets but decisions These are the results that have been agreed upon in a deliberation meeting conducted by the village government.Through this development, the community still feels very helpful and also very useful for the people of Salletto Village.The second indicator is the implementation where the program that was previously planned can be realized in the community.Then the third indicator is monitoring and evaluation where this process must be carried out in order to find out whether the development can be in accordance with the expected provisions or not as well as control over the development that has been carried out.