The Role of Women in Improving the Family Economy in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera District, North Maluku Province

Every family is faced with various needs. Therefore, to be able to achieve needs, the role of all family members is needed. This research was conducted to determine the role of women in improving the family economy in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province. The research was conducted using a qualitative design. Data was collected through interviews, observation and review of secondary data documents. The data analysis technique is carried out in the stages of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verifying them. The research findings show that the role of women in improving the family economy in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province, results from sufficient income and is very helpful in increasing the husband's income, the family economy becomes stable, education has a big influence on the world of work, social interactions become better.


Introduction
One way of community welfare can be seen from the socio-economic situation or condition of the family.The socio-economic condition of the family is the condition of each family in society as seen from the level of education, income, employment and number of family members which are considered to have an impact on the welfare of society and the welfare of families in the smallest scope of society.Socio-economic conditions as seen from income have an impact on welfare.The income received by each individual or family generally comes from the work they do.
An income that is greater than the consumption level means that the family has a level of prosperity, whereas those with a small income will have an impact on the family's lack of prosperity.Apart from income, the socio-economic condition of the family can be determined from the number of family members.The number of members in a family also has an impact on family welfare.The greater the number of members in a family, the greater the level of needs, and if income does not support it, it will have an impact on the family's prosperity because it will not meet the needs of the family.Then, if the number of dependent family members is small and the income is large, it will have an impact on family welfare.
A prosperous family is a family that can meet all its needs, and is called a quality family, with needs met in the aspects of education, health, economics, socio-culture, family independence and spiritual mental and religious values.In a family, meeting needs is closely related to the amount of income generated from work and spent as a form of consumption to achieve prosperity.It can be interpreted that income and consumption are simple variables that determine welfare, because both individually and householdly they can be used to achieve human welfare.Family consumption is one of the family's economic activities to meet various The phenomenon that occurs can be seen from the human resources of Saolat Village, a person's ability to work depends on the educational level of Saolat Village farmers, some have graduated from elementary school, middle school, high school, and so on, even without educational qualifications.Most members of the farming community in Saolat village do not have special skills so they only focus on agricultural activities.Many people have other skills such as trading and driving, because income from agriculture is not enough to meet their daily needs.Judging from the education level of the husband or father, it is still very low and lacks the skills to work as a driver and other types of work in the mining sector to meet the family's needs, because that is how the husband or father as the head of the family should play a large role in the family's economic needs, the family only needs to work on coconut plantations and going to sea, of course not enough, so there are women who want to help meet the family's needs while working.
Women who develop many roles in the family must be able to balance the family economy, such as being a housewife and housewife.Housewives in Saolat village work as market gardeners, anchovy workers, and there are also teachers and workers in mining areas, so it cannot be denied that the role of women in Saolat village has a quite important role in improving food and the economy.Families in the Saolat village consisting of married and unmarried women certainly face their own challenges in having to divide their time between taking care of their husbands and taking care of the needs of their children in the family.family.This allows women in Saolat village to balance their time between working inside and outside the home.
Women are able to adapt to various contexts of vulnerability.Family economic theory This theory emphasizes the importance of women's economic participation in increasing family income and economic welfare.This theory focuses on the concept of division of labor between family members and how women can make a real contribution to increasing family wealth.family economic theory of division of labor, skills and education, contribution to household maintenance, and entrepreneurship.
Women with all limitations try to help their husbands work to earn a living so that their living needs can be met.There are factors that enable women to finally decide to work as anchovy employees and as mining employees for married women and unmarried (single) women in improving the family economy in Saolat village, South Wasile subdistrict, East Halmahera district.These factors are: physical needs factors, economic factors, educational factors, social and cultural factors.
Previous research on the role of women in improving the family economy by Tindangen (2020) proved that factors such as economic, educational, social and cultural influence women's decisions to work in the fields and after they work in the fields, the family income increases and can meet their living needs.Hartiyah & Musfiroh (2022) found that the role of housewives in families in Maneron Village is not only based on the concept that women only work in the kitchen and take care of the family, but also plays a role in helping and improving the family's economy.Lefiarni & ND (2022) found that 96 people worked as farmers to support their families.Furthermore, 44% of women surveyed had a high school education, as a low level of education would encourage someone to look for work.50% of the women surveyed were multijob workers, meaning they not only worked in one job, but apart from being farmers, they also worked as traders and farm laborers.The reason women work is because their husbands' low income forces them to work to help their husbands meet the family's financial needs.

Methods
The research carried out includes field research, namely that this research goes directly to the field to conduct direct observations about the role of women in improving the family economy in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province.Thus, the research was carried out in descriptive form (Arifin, 2010;Moleong 2014).The research focus in this paper focuses on married mothers and unmarried women who are already working to improve the family economy.And discusses the role of women in improving the family economy in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province.Data was collected through interviews, observation and review of secondary data documents.The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative data analysis.According to Bogdan and Biklen (in Moleong (2014)) the stages consist of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verifying them.

Results and Discussion
In the past, Saolat Village was a community unit area which started with the name para-para which was led by a traditional elder who was usually called a deputy.Saolat Village is an old village located in the eastern southern region of East Halmahera Regency.Based on data in 2023, the village population will be 549 people and there will be 145 heads of families (KK) with a population of 549 people, consisting of 295 men and 299 women.Most families in Saolat village have their livelihoods in agriculture.
Basically, the role of women in gaining the freedom to work helps their husbands in improving the family economy.Women do everything from gardening, farming, trading to factory workers to be able to meet their family's needs.For this reason, in order to improve the economy, families must be able to carry out their duties well by learning a lot from information or experience while carrying out their responsibilities towards authority and carrying out every activity related to work.Dewantara (in Syamsuddin, 2018:13) says a mother or unmarried woman is the queen of a family.The position and obligations of women as housewives are very important, because women are guardians, household caregivers as well as educators for children.Unmarried women can also try to meet the needs of the family and involve themselves in social activities in the community so that the family can prosper, so it can be said that women in the family have an important role in improving the economic prosperity of the family, both married and unmarried women (Jabeen et al., 2020).
The general characteristics of East Halmahera society in a social and cultural perspective on the social structure and function of women through the role of women and the position of women in improving the family economy of married and unmarried women in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency.Culturally, the term for Halmahera women recognizes two categories based on marital status and position in the household or those who are not yet married, namely Mohole and Moyoka.Mohole means an unmarried (single) girl, while Moyoka is a term for a son's daughter-in-law or wife.In the Hibualamo tradition.
The Moyoka is protected by customary law.In the context of the cultural understanding of East Halmahera society, the position of mohole as a woman as an unmarried (single) woman has a very important role regarding responsibility in meeting the needs of women's families in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halamhera Regency when they have graduated from high school at the age of 18 -24 years old, they immediately look for work in the mining industry, work for figures and some after completing high school they immediately continue their studies at universities in the area or outside the area, after completing their studies they choose to work in their field, some work as teachers honorarium and working in the mining industry is seen from the father's income is not sufficient for the family's needs because it is influenced by the age of 52 years which is no longer easy to work at that age so women have to replace the father to find work to meet the family's needs.
In the Saolat Village community, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency, Moyoka as a Halmahera woman is related to social structures and functions which are universally integrated with Hibualamo cultural values.Moyoka as a woman has an important role in four social spaces with different functions, namely the household space, large household space based on clan, social-community space and virtual space (social media).Moyoka in the household carries out functions related to raising children (health and education), cooking food in the kitchen, planting short-term productive crops in the yard for household consumption, or cultivating coconut, corn, rice and banana plantations.
Furthermore, the role of married women in large households is bound by tradition to help each other and assist each other in various activities, or what in local terms is called hirono or makiriwo.The role of women in the social sphere in general can be seen from their awareness of participating in sorrow (funeral events) and joy (wedding events).Apart from that, the development of information technology through social media has also increased the social space of married women in the virtual space to support Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), entertainment, and maintain social relations among netizens as users of social media accounts.This shows the integration of cultural values in social structure and function, thus placing the role of Halmahera women or the position of Moyoka as an essential part of the social livelihood of society.
The resilience of household livelihoods in Saolat Village is influenced by the context of vulnerability, namely shocks and trends.In the context of East Halmahera, the livelihoods of households that depend on the coconut (copra) plantation sector experience obstacles that threaten the sustainability of the lives of village communities because the purchasing price of copra is susceptible to decline due to price fluctuations.Based on primary data, the buying price for copra set by collectors in good market conditions can reach a price range of IDR 9,000.00 to IDR 11,000.00 per kilogram so that it benefits coconut plantation farmers.However, if market conditions are unstable, the buying price for copra set by collectors is in the range of IDR 4,000.00 to IDR 6,000.00 per kilogram.
At that time, coconut plantation farmers experienced losses because the purchasing price of copra was not balanced with the energy and time spent on copra production and transportation costs.In the context of Saolat Village, women's involvement in copra and anchovy production is part of mutual cooperation (hirono) activities in the social space within the household, as well as the social space within the extended household.The involvement of Halmahera women in agricultural and fishing activities is also a strategy to deal with changing trends, in this case in the form of fluctuations in copra purchasing prices.Apart from that, the ongoing obstacles to the livelihood of the community in Saolat Village are also influenced by the decline in the price of coconut (copra).
In this research, the author directly carried out research on the Role of Women in Improving the Family Economy in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency.Therefore, the role of women in improving the family economy can be seen as indicators in this research which were directly put forward by Abraham Maslow (2016), namely: (1) Physical Needs Factors, (2) Economic Factors, (3) Educational Factors (4) Factors Social and Cultural.

Physical Needs Factors
Gender: there are differences in physical needs between men and women, high levels of physical activity result in greater energy needs, certain medical health conditions and environmental extremes of temperature and humidity affect a person's physical needs, for example, in a hot environment.Social and economic factors such as income level, access to food, and culture can also influence a person's physical condition (O'Neill et al., 2014).Social and economic conditions, factors such as income level, access to food, and culture can also influence a person's physical condition.The physical influence also exists when they are sick, so they don't work.Judging from the location of the garden, it can also affect the physical quite a lot and judging from education, it is also very minimal and knowledge.is also limited, because there are few obstacles in sharing work time with children so that work is also limited.
Based on the results of research conducted, with the title "The Role of Women in Improving the Family Economy (Case Study: rice planting workers in Lemoh Barat village, East Tombairi subdistrict, Minahasa district.The results of the research prove that factors such as physical, economic, educational and social needs and culture influences women's decisions to work in the fields and after they work in the fields, the family's income increases and can meet their living needs.The research method used is qualitative description by means of prior observation and data collection through in-depth interviews (Tindangen et al., 2020).
Research in Saolat Village regarding the Role of Women in Improving the Family Economy.Participation in the form of selling cakes, apart from gardening from the garden, in the form of banana chips, eggplant, tomatoes, chilies and coconut oil, she sells through small kiosks and via social media (Facebook) from the results of the income being sufficient and very helpful in increasing the husband's income, for the physical influence there is also when he is sick then he does not work, seen from the location of the garden, it can also affect the physical quite a lot and seen from the education, it is also very minimal and knowledge is also limited, as an obstacle to sharing work time with "There are fewer children so work is also limited.Judging from the cultural factor, laziness also exists, such as watching soap operas from morning until evening.This factor can influence economic activity." Judging from education, it can also influence education and technology so that more people learn how to use fertilizer so that human resources are very lacking and reduce the culture of laziness so that they can focus more on working to help their husband's income.There is also a physical influence when you are sick, so you don't work, seen from the location of the garden.
It can also significantly influence physical/weather conditions, as seen from the prolonged hot month of October so that many plants also experience water shortages so that income also decreases due to these physical/weather factors which can influence economic activities.For the age factor, there are no obstacles, seen from the need for greater energy, the health of the environment where you live or work, for example in a hot environment, the socio-economic conditions, family income in working in the mining industry, one way to meet the family's needs, in my opinion, is by working as an employee.For physical factors, there are obstacles due to the lack of being able to speak (mute) but this does not limit working as an anchovy employee because working as an anchovy employee has a large enough income to meet the family's needs.

Economic Factors
Including access to material resources and financial adequacy, it can affect a person's ability to meet physiological needs such as food, shelter, and clothing.Economic factors mean that a person has a greater opportunity to meet needs at higher levels in the hierarchy (Maslow, 2016).Material resources and financial adequacy can influence a person's ability to fulfill physiological needs such as food.The Role of Women in Improving the Family Economy in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province.They must be able and able to take responsibility for helping their husband's income so that the family's economy becomes stable.The resulting results can be seen as to the role of women in improving the family economy in Saolat Village, East Halmaher Regency.
Research regarding the title "The Role of Women in Improving Family Economic Welfare in Maneron Village, Sepulu District".The results of this research show that the role of housewives in families in Maneron Village is not only based on the concept that women only work in the kitchen and take care of the family, but also plays a role in helping and improving the family's economy (Hartiyah & Musfiroh, 2022).Participation in the form of selling cakes apart from gardening from garden products in the form of banana chips, eggplant, tomatoes, chilies and coconut oil I sell through small kiosks and via social media (Facebook) from sufficient income.and is very helpful in increasing the husband's income, these economic factors can influence economic activities.
Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency that the Role of Women in Improving the Family Economy can be seen from economic factors with increasingly rapid technology, we can take advantage of it by selling the harvest.garden by selling on social media and being able to interact with more than 2 buyers at the same time.Economic factors can make someone have greater opportunities to meet financial needs to increase their husband's income.Economics, namely how the role of women in improving the family economy in Saolat village is by utilizing social media by the increasingly rapid development of technological knowledge to meet physiological needs such as food, shelter and clothing from economic factors has a greater opportunity for a person to meet family needs.

Educational Factors
Plays an important role in individual development and can influence a person's ability to achieve higher level needs.A good education can provide the knowledge and skills needed to achieve levels of social needs, esteem, and even self-actualization.(Maslow, 2016).Individual development and can influence a person's ability to achieve higher levels of needs.Good education can provide the knowledge and skills needed to reach the level of social needs.One of the educational factors in Saolat village is that most of them only graduated from high school, including me.Because of my parents' income, I couldn't go to college and finally I was determined.to work in a mine as a (mining employee) I feel that education is really needed in the world of work to learn the skills that are really needed in the world of work, and because I take time off work to work on coconut (copra) to earn income because the income from mining is not sufficient for the family's needs.
Research regarding the title "The Role of Women (IRT) in Improving the Family Economy through Food in Babul Makmur Village, West Simeulue District, Simeulue Regency.The results of the research show that 96 people work as farmers to support their families.Furthermore, 44% of women surveyed had a high school education, as a low level of education would encourage someone to look for work.50% of the women surveyed were multi-job workers, meaning they not only worked in one job, but apart from being farmers, they also worked as traders and farm laborers.The reason women work is because their husbands' low income forces them to work to help their husbands meet the family's financial needs.(Lefiarni & ND, 2022).
It can be concluded that the educational factor is very influential in the world of work, opening up opportunities for job applicants.Education also provides the skills needed to reach the level of social needs regarding the Role of Women in Improving the Family Economy in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency.One of the educational factors.One of the educational factors.In Saolat village there is still minimal and knowledge is also limited so that most people only work as gardeners so many job opportunities are also limited because in terms of skills they are still very lacking, one of which is that my husband, in terms of educational background, only graduated from junior high school and only focuses on working with coconuts (copra).) from that income it was not enough to meet my needs so I also helped work as an anchovy employee.From the income I could help my family's economic needs in the form of children's education and daily meals.One of the people in Saolat village didn't know how to use fertilizer so there wasn't even any garden produce.using fertilizer but planting it naturally, it can be concluded that there is a lack of education in Saolat village so that there is an obstacle that human resources are still very lacking, and the educational factor is also very influential in improving the family economy.

Social and Cultural Factors
Also plays a role in fulfilling human needs.Social relationships, interactions with the community, family support, and cultural norms can influence the satisfaction of social and esteem needs (Maslow, 2016).Fulfillment of human needs.Social relationships, interaction with the community, family support, and cultural norms can influence the satisfaction of social needs in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province.Research with the title "The dual role of housewives in improving family welfare in Allude village, Kolongan sub-district, Talaud district."This research determines the research focus, namely the Dual Role of Housewives in Improving Welfare.The family is in fulfilling basic household needs.Informants are sources of research information.The informants in this research were 8 housewives selling cakes and making processed coconut oil.
The research method used in this research is a qualitative method.Based on the results of the research and discussion regarding the dual role of housewives in improving family welfare in Allude village, Kalongan subdistrict, Talaud Islands district, namely in meeting basic household needs, the researchers reached the following conclusions: (1) Socio-economic conditions of the families of cake sellers.and processed coconut oil makers increased after they sold cakes and made processed coconut oil, meaning they could meet their daily needs, namely food, clothing, decent housing and children's education.(2) By selling cakes and making processed coconut oil, they can increase their family income, save money and renovate their houses from bamboo houses to semi-permanent houses or even permanent houses.(3) The obstacles faced by women who sell cakes and producers of processed coconut oil in improving their family's welfare are when their merchandise is not sold out, and they fall ill and are unable to carry out their activities.
The role of women in Saolat village is less active in terms of a community and interaction is also rare, they only watch a lot of soap operas from morning to evening, there is also a culture of laziness, I think, in meeting the needs of the family, only some of them work as anchovy employees and so on.working as mining employees to add more motivation for women to be more active in empowering women so that the village develops more and more proudly.that the way to improve the family economy is by working more diligently and further developing the empowerment of women in the prayer village.This can be influenced by one of the factors of the lazy prayer culture.Unmarried women also participate in family income and also work as teachers.honorarium and opening an online shop to increase the family's economy.It is concluded that the role of women in Saolat village is very popular in terms of working to help with family needs and smooth social relations with the community and supported by the family and there is also a culture of laziness that can influence social needs.

Conclusion
Based on the research results and discussions that have been described in detail in the previous chapters, the researcher can provide conclusions based on research indicators that the role of women in improving the family economy in Saolat Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province is that the physical needs factor is the role of women in Improving the family's economy can be said to result in sufficient income and is very helpful in increasing the husband's income.There is also a physical influence when he is sick and does not work.Judging from the location of the garden, it can also significantly affect his physical age.Economic Factors in the role of women in improving the family economy must be able and able to take responsibility for helping their husband's income so that the family economy becomes stable well resulting from economic factors, namely how the role of women in improving the family economy in Saolat village by utilizing social media with developments in technological knowledge increasingly rapidly to meet needs, we can see the role of women in improving the family economy in Saolat Village, East Halmaher Regency.The education factor is very influential in the world of work, opening opportunities for job applicants.
Education also provides the skills needed to reach the level of income, social needs, education, the lack of education in Saolat village, so there are obstacles, human resources are still very lacking, and the education factor is also very influential in improving the family economy.Social and Cultural Factors show that the role of women in Saolat village is very much in demand in terms of working to help with family needs and smooth social relations with the community and supported by the family and there is also a culture of laziness which can influence the social needs of unmarried women who also participate.family income and also work to open an online shop to supplement the family economy.Based on the research that has been carried out, it is hoped that elderly women will no longer work because the location of work is quite far away and unmarried women really need more work to help with family needs.It is hoped that women's awareness will work more actively in order to improve the family economy and there is a need for cooperation between women's empowerment in Saolat villages in improving the family economy.It is hoped that there is a need for awareness of cooperation between husband and wife in dividing work time and taking care of children in children's education in terms of learning for unmarried women so that they can work more actively to