Development of a Model for the Establishment of a Hydro Electric Power Generating Plant

Nigeria as a nation has suffered a lot when it comes to the availability of electricity. A clear comparison between this nation’s electric power supply and other countries revealed the present incessant electric power supply in the country. The average power per capita (watts per person) in the United States is 1,377 Watts. In Canada, it is as high as 1,704 Watts per person and in South Africa, it is 445 Watts per person. The average power per capita in Australia is 1,112 Watts and in New Zealand it is 1,020 W per person. Whereas, the average power per capita (watts per person) in Nigeria is 14 W person. The power system structure is characterized with a lot of faults and outages. These electric power problem has destroyed the industrial processes in the country. As a result, unemployment has increased in the country. As at February, 2020, according to the Federal Government of Nigeria, the number of unemployed youths in the country is 23 million. Data from the International Transparency in the United State stated that there are 40 million unemployed youths in the country. This has increased crime rates among the youths. The country experience a high level of hardship, insecurity and socio-economic disorder as results. Therefore, there is an urgent need to solve this incessant supply of electric power in the country. Hence, a detail study of Akure132/33kV substation Network of the Benin Electricity Distribution Company under which there are 84,264 customers was carried out. The detail study of Akure132/33kV substation Network of the Benin Electricity Distribution Company under which there are 84,264 customers was carried out. Reliability index of the distribution system were estimated. A model for establishing a Hydro Electric Power Generating Plant was developed. A monogram for varying the value of power generated in the generating station was also developed. Power Generation and Improvement techniques for the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity were also established.


Introduction
The Federal Government of Nigeria promised to increase the power output by launching nine power plant projects in the country. But many of the power projects have been abandoned. After over 30 years, many of them were never completed. Even when all these projects are 100% completed, the total generating capacity in the country from the old power generating plants and these new projects will just be 8,274 MW. The average electricity consumed in watts per person in Nigeria will just be 45.97 Watts/person. Where-as, the average power per capita (watts per person) in the European Union with a population of 513,949,445615 is 615Watts/person, in the United States it is 1,377 Watts/person. In China, a country with population of 1,373,541,000, the average power per capita (watts per person) is 492 Watts/person-In South Africa, it is 445 Watts per person. The average power per capita in Finally, the total generating capacity from these new 9 power plant projects, even when completed, is 4,774 MW. The present power generating capacity in Nigeria is estimated to be 6,803 megawatts, with average working capacity of 3,500 MW. Hence, the total generating capacity in the country will only become 11,577 MW (6,803 +4,774). The total power generated in the country will only be 8,274 MW (3,500 + 4,774MW) and the average electricity consumed in watts per person in Nigeria will just be 45.97 Watts/person even after completion.
In order to provide solution to this incessant problem, a detail study of Akure132/33kV substation Network of the Benin Electricity Distribution Company under which there are 84,264 customers was carried out. Reliability index of the distribution system were estimated. A model for establishing a hydro Electric Power Generating Plant was developed. Hence, procedure for varying the value of the output power generated in the generating station was also developed.

The Need for Improvement of Electricity in Nigeria
Improvement on power generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the country is the only solution to the incessant electrical power supply which has grounded many activities and destroyed many industrial processes in the country. Otherwise, the present poor industrial systems, high unemployment rates, crimes, suffering and untimely deaths in the country will continue to increase. This is because industrial development, employment, production of good and services of any country is directly proportional to the electrical energy consumed by the citizens of that country. Also, more efforts should be given to fault clearing systems and improvement in the reliability of the system. The Federal Government of Nigeria needs to genuinely privatize only the distribution aspect of electricity in Nigeria as this is the normal practice in the developed countries. The present privatization of the electrical generating stations in the country is a wrong method of privatization. Instead, individual or organization who is/are interested in electric power generation should establish his/her generating plants and supply excess power generated to the national grid.

Analysis of Ondo Road Feeder Results
Mean time between failure stands at an average of 491.46 hours between year 2010 and 2017.That means there will be an average of one failure in every 491.46 hours. Mean down time along the feeder is 195.6 hours. This result shows that the supply of electricity along the feeder is characterize with high number of failures. Availability of electric power along feeder is 73.34 %. But the reliability of the feeder is 1.

Modelling of Hydro Electric Power Generating Plant
In order to provide solution to the present incessant electrical power supply in the country, this research work established a model for the establishment of Hydro Electric Power Generating Plants from the abundant potential dams in the country. Hydro-electric power stations require the utilization of energy in falling water for the rotation of water turbine and the rotor situated in an alternator for the generation of electricity. They are generally located in hilly areas where dams can be built conveniently and large water reservoirs can be obtained. In a hydro-electric power station, water head of height is created by constructing a dam across a river or lake. From the dam, water is led to a water turbine. The water turbine captures the energy in the falling water and changes the hydraulic energy (i.e. product of head and flow of water) into mechanical energy at the turbine shaft. V.K Metha and Rohit Metha,  Table 3. Power generated from the modelled Hydro-Electric Power Generating Plant,Unit 2a