Improving Strategies of the Private Sector Participation in Telecom Sector in Egypt

The research aims to identify Improving strategies of the private sector participation of Telecom sector in Egypt and the research has found the high level the government’s role in improving private sector participation strategies in Egypt and The Medium level of Strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt and there is a statistically significant impact the government’s role in improving private sector participation strategies on Strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt in Telecom sector in Egypt and the more it increased level the government’s role in improving private sector participation strategies 1% is Strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt in Telecom sector in Egypt has increased 0.982%. The study has recommended the need to work to increase the level of awareness and culture of the community about the importance of the participation of the private sector in all economic and production fields, the government works to provide all financial, human, technological and legal capabilities and needs in order to encourage the private sector to participate in all economic and productive sectors in Egypt, work to encourage the private sector to abide by the responsibility towards the society in which it works and to provide all possibilities to improve the standard of living for its employees, working to provide legislation and laws that allow the private sector to participate positively and effectively in all areas, which contributes to achieving the required development goals.


Introduction
The participation of the private sector in development efforts is necessary to provide job opportunities, improve the lives of citizens, and create Solutions to development challenges and moving forward towards meeting the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The Egyptian government recognizes that the private sector is a key partner in development efforts, and while we, at the Ministry of International Cooperation, seek to provide financing in accordance with the sustainable development goals, we also seek to support the private sector as a key part of our strategy and push it towards adopting environmental, social and governance performance standards to achieve an effective impact in terms of transformations Positivity in Egyptian society.
To broaden and maintain the increasing participation of the private sector, I launched a diagnostic study on 'The Private Sector in Egypt' in 2020 with the International Finance Corporation, titled 'Unlocking the Full Potential of a Productive Private Sector'; The report revealed that launching bold reform programs to improve macroeconomic stability helped restore confidence in the economy through predictive policies that contributed to increasing the share of private investment in the economy in recent years.
According to the report, there are plenty of opportunities for Egypt to harness the full potential of the productive private sector.
First: Egypt has a great opportunity to benefit from the ICT sector and use it as a gateway to implementing a digital economy that relies on innovative solutions for healthcare, transportation, and learning. Second, there is an opportunity to encourage agribusiness and private sector investment in agriculture by strengthening supply chains and improving the adoption of food standards. Third, it can also boost private investment in the health sector and create innovative partnerships The obstacles facing the Egyptian government in its endeavors to form successful partnerships capable of achieving sustainable development goals, the minister said that the two most important challenges facing the Egyptian government are the need to improve the institutional environment governing more than one sector, such as the population sector, which the strategy included a program to reform, in addition to the energy sector. Especially in the field of building wind and solar energy plants, for which the government launched a number of initiatives to modify the situation, and the second challenge is the need for some legislation and policies that encourage and motivate the private sector in particular and development partners in general to support the implementation of programs and projects that achieve sustainable development goals and highlight the return on investment In these activities.

Research Problem
There are several examples of successful partnerships in Egypt, including the Egyptian government's partnership with civil society institutions, for example, "Al-Orman in the health and education sector, and Misr El-Khair Foundation in the education sector," especially in community education classes and one-class schools, in addition to the technology zone project for the export of communications and technology services. In Maadi, the solid waste recycling project to produce electricity, sewage treatment plants -such as the Abu Rawash plant -and seawater desalination plants projects in coastal cities such as Sharm El Sheikh and Hurghada, and others.
The third objective of the government program is "economic development and raising the efficiency of government performance", adding that the partnership through 3 main programs is to provide the necessary financial resources to implement the program in terms of enhancing the social responsibility of the private sector and financing development projects in the system of partnership between the public and private sectors, and secondly, improving financial management The third program is to improve the business environment in terms of institutional development to support the business climate, attract investments, and enhance the role of the non-bank financial services sector in financing small and medium enterprises, stressing that this confirms the state's full awareness of the importance of activating these partnerships as a catalyst for competitiveness and reviving the Egyptian economic sector. From the above we can determine the main question of this research: How can government Improving strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt?
Research Objective; (1) Determine government role to Improving strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt; (2) Determine strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt

Research Approach
The research used the descriptive research method, which describes the phenomenon to be studied and the concepts and terms related to this phenomenon. It also used the analytical method, through which statistical methods and methods are used in analyzing the research data that will be obtained through the questionnaire form that was distributed to the research sample to reach Findings and recommendations that achieve the objectives of the research.

Research Hypothesis
There is a statistically significant impact the government's role in improving private sector participation strategies on Strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt in Telecom sector in Egypt

Study Population and Sample
The study population consists of managers and employees in private companies in telecom sector in Egypt ( Vodafone Egypt -Etisalat Egypt -Orange Egypt ) and as a result of the difficulty of conducting a comprehensive inventory of all members of the study community; the study used the sampling method by selecting a simple random sample of these workers. Due to the precautionary conditions and measures currently in place, the link for the electronic questionnaire form has been distributed on the social media sites and groups in which the employees of these bodies are present. The number of the study sample members reached (206) individuals who answered the questions of the questionnaire.

Study tool
The research used electronic questionnaire form as tool for study and the questionnaire included () phrases and the five-degree Likert scale was used, which consists Strongly agree (5), agree (4), neutral (3), disagree (2), strongly disagree (1) in answering the study's questions

Data Analysis
The research will use the SPSS22 statistical program to analyze the data obtained through the questionnaire using the following methods; (1) Alpha coefficient: stability of questionnaire; (2) Frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, and relative weight to describe the study sample; (3) Pearson correlation t: to determine the level of internal homogeneity of the study tool; (4) Simple Regression: to know the impact independent variable on dependent variable

Literature Review
The private sector and competitiveness support According to Ramy & Abdella, (2020) The private sector is an essential and active element in the process of economic development, a major partner for the state in many national projects, and a driver of economic activity in various sectors to create job opportunities and increase employment rates. In recent years, the state has undertaken many reforms in the legislative and legal environment to improve the business environment and facilitate procedures. And removing the obstacles that stand in the way of increasing the participation of the private sector in the economy, and in the recent World Bank report entitled "Creating Markets… Achieving the Full Potential of a Productive Private Sector" highlights the role of this sector and the state's efforts to support it and how to exploit all its potential in the future And due to the rapid growth in the population of Egypt, of which 76% is under the age of forty, the private sector plays a major role in advancing the economy and creating job opportunities, as 800,000 graduates enter the labor market annually in search of job opportunities, while the employment rate in The private sector in Egypt is 78%, and about 76% of these jobs are concentrated in the informal sector.
Also Ramy & Abdella (2020) Mention that Egypt has taken many measures to stimulate the private sector, as a new law for investment, bankruptcy and companies was issued with the aim of improving the business environment and establishing a one-stop shop to facilitate trade services, the industrial licensing law and the mechanism for the allocation of industrial lands, measures that led to improving Egypt's ranking in the Doing Business report issued by the World Bank. However, despite these important reforms, the private sector did not grow at the targeted rate. The reforms that have led to improving the confidence of the private sector in the economy, which in turn led to the creation of more job opportunities, an increase in capacity utilization and an increase in spending on research and development, but they were unable to achieve The required stimulus for this sector to play its role in the process of economic growth, as the reforms led to an increase in the private sector's participation in the GDP by 9% in 2019. This rise comes mainly from the extractive industries, utilities, and real estate, which witnessed an increase in private investment after opening several sectors to the participation of the private sector, but this participation remains lower than its historical average of 54% during the past decade.
The Corona pandemic is expected to have huge economic consequences for companies, given the double shock caused by reduced demand, decreased supplies and increased uncertainty. With regard to foreign direct investment, although its flows are considered the highest in the African continent, they are still low and concentrated in the petroleum sector, which accounts for 73% of the total foreign direct investment. The World Bank report refers to some features of the Egyptian private sector, which is characterized by its small size and geographical concentration, as 30% of private sector companies are located in three governorates, namely Cairo, Giza and Alexandria, and it absorbs approximately 40% of private sector jobs, and most of these The companies do not export and operate in the informal sector and their reliance on technology is low (World Bank, 2020).

Export and Enhance Competitiveness
As El-Shahed (2016) mention Export is a major way to enhance the productivity and growth of companies, and Egypt has great opportunities to unleash its export potential and take advantage of its distinguished geographic location to enhance its competitiveness. From the decline in the performance of exports in light of the global recession. The geographical location of Egypt was supposed to make Egypt a regional trade and logistics center due to the ease of access to the main markets in Africa, Arab, European and Asian countries. Activating the new customs law, in addition to carrying out non-customs reforms to establish transparency and simplify non-customs procedures while improving port efficiency.

Economic Sectors in Egypt that Need to be Developed
With regard to the agricultural industries sector, there is a need to increase coordination between government agencies to achieve sustainable management of water resources and enhance food safety standards by strengthening the role of the National Food Safety Authority and establishing partnerships with the private sector to develop laboratories and accreditation mechanisms. In addition to strengthening agricultural extension services (Mahmoud et al., 2018).
As for the chemical sector, it needs to support the framework of partnership between the private and public sectors to increase energy efficiency in the production of raw materials to improve competitiveness and expand the capabilities of refining capacity (Mahmoud et al., 2018). With regard to the textile sector, it needs to improve governance systems and work strategies in stateowned companies, and work on conducting assessments of the benefits and costs resulting from customs duties (Mahmoud et al., 2018). Regarding the automotive sector, it needs to develop a vision in coordination between the government and the private sector to help companies make long-term investment decisions, work to modernize the sector, help create a base for efficient heavy equipment manufacturers, and attract foreign investments to this sector (Mahmoud et al., 2018). The education sector needs to attract private investment by amending some regulations and laws, and the health sector needs to simplify contracting regulations to increase efficiency and speed with regard to primary care, identify chronic diseases, amend the licensing law for medical service providers, and build the capacity of workers in this sector (Mahmoud et al., 2018). Finally, the ICT sector needs to encourage competition by strengthening the independence and authority of the NTRA, cooperating with the Competition Authority and preventing monopolistic practices, as well as supporting the digital infrastructure (Mahmoud et al., 2018).
Also as Mahmoud et al, (2018) mention Business enterprises face the challenge of lack of skills, the huge workforce must be well equipped for the labor market, but there is a gap between the outputs of education and the needs of the labor market, as about 20% of companies assert that the labor force is not educated enough, which represents a major obstacle to supporting competitive capabilities Despite this, the private sector does not invest much in the field of training, and there is difficulty in retaining trained workers, and low wages and a weak work environment have reduced worker productivity. Overcoming this problem requires a comprehensive approach that goes beyond educational reforms. The private sector can use educational technology to improve graduates' qualifications and suitability for private sector jobs. Digital skills training is essential at all levels of education to develop new content. Private investment in the education sector must be encouraged.

International Institutions and the Egyptian Private Sector
The International Monetary Fund considers the private sector a key partner in the sustainable growth and green recovery of the Egyptian economy, explaining that the government's plan for structural reforms in the current period is going well, and that there are necessary reforms to achieve higher and more inclusive growth for all led by the private sector, pointing to the importance of removing bureaucratic obstacles. In front of the development of the private sector through more facilitation of the business climate and the investment environment (World Bank, 2020).
IMF reports indicate an increase in the number of entrants to the labor market in Egypt, which makes their absorption a major challenge, but at the same time creates a huge opportunity to accelerate growth by stimulating the private sector, explaining that over previous decades, the private sector in Egypt was less dynamic with a percentage In order to promote progress in private sector development and achieve export-led growth, Egypt has expanded structural reforms to raise the efficiency of land allocation, strengthen competition and public procurement, and tackle corruption (World Bank, 2020) . Egypt has huge potentials thanks to its large population and its distinguished geographical location, which gives it access to the main foreign markets. However, Egypt faces the challenge of modernizing the economy to better utilize its capabilities.
The African Development Bank also supports Egypt's efforts in developing the private sector, as Malin Bloomberg, the regional representative of the African Development Bank in Egypt, says that the bank is strengthening efforts to cooperate with Egypt in the field of business development and enhancing cooperation between the Egyptian and African private sectors, explaining that many funds have been provided. To enhance the competitiveness of the Egyptian private sector and facilitate trade mechanisms as well as help small and medium enterprises, she said that the bank is cooperating with the private sector in Egypt in 18 projects, in addition to technical support efforts in the fields of agriculture, transport and energy (World Bank, 2020).
The Egyptian state considers the private sector a key partner in achieving economic development and increasing job opportunities, explaining that the structural reforms that the government is working to implement in the current period are working to diversify the structure of the Egyptian economy, increase its flexibility, raise its ability to absorb shocks and develop the role of the private sector through many developments In the legislative and institutional environment to stimulate this sector. The Egyptian government is also committed to enhancing the local investment environment as part of its overall strategy by undertaking several legal and regulatory reforms to eliminate bureaucracy, enhance transparency, ensure equal opportunities, enforce contracts, and provide access to finance (Schäfer et al., 2018).
Egypt's 2030 strategy includes several goals related to economic development and strengthening the role of the private sector, including working to achieve competitive and diversified economic growth, improving the business environment and enhancing confidence through the adoption of economic policies based on market mechanisms, empowering the private sector, promoting free competition, and carrying out the necessary reforms for markets, production factors and commodities. In addition to focusing on investing in human capital, knowledge and technology, linking the activities of small and medium-sized companies in local value chains in the fields of trade and industry, in a way that enhances their contribution to the economy and stimulates participation in global value chains (Schäfer et al., 2018).
Community groups and different geographic areas . It also aims to increase the contribution of exports with a high technological component to the gross domestic product, which will reflect positively on the trade balance and the balance of payments. Egypt's Vision 2030 emphasizes the idea of participatory work among all elements of society and the strengthening of the role of the private sector in sustainable development through long-term investments (Schäfer et al., 2018).
Small and medium enterprises are considered one of the most important sectors that generate job opportunities and contribute to supporting the economy, and the Central Bank of Egypt made great efforts to increase the volume of funds available for these projects, as the portfolio of loans and facilities granted to these companies increased during the past five years to reach EGP 201 billion, benefiting from 61 thousand Project and the service sector acquired the largest proportion of the financing with 36.5%, followed by the industrial and then commercial sectors, while the share of the agricultural sector reached 11.2%. Job opportunities and improving the standard of living of citizens (World Bank, 2020).

Strategies that Improving Private Sector Participation
There are many strategies that Improving private sector participation, as follows; (1) Knowledge management. It is a regular trend that seeks to use information systems, operational procedures, and effective practices that build, circulate and develop knowledge within the organization, and provide a link between those who possess knowledge, and those who lack it (Bisel et al., 2017); (2) Training, Training includes an expert who works with learners to transfer to them some areas of knowledge or skills to improve their current jobs. Development is a broad, continuous and multifaceted set of activities (training activities among them) to bring a person or organization to another level of performance, often to perform a new job or role in the future (Davidson, 2019).
Personnel should be trained and, where possible, developed to meet their professional needs and the needs of the organization (Davidson, 2019). Training is task or task oriented. It aims to enable individuals to perform better in the jobs they currently do. On the other hand, development is work oriented rather than business oriented. It aims to prepare people to take on higher responsibilities in the future. Therefore, organizations must assume responsibility for developing and implementing training and development systems and programs that help them achieve their goals, and training can be considered as helping people learn (Burkhardt et al., 2019):

Effective Stimulation
Motivation is important to a person, and it is the essence of his ability to succeed. Since the goal of the administration or the institution is to accomplish tasks through others, then it is necessary for others to have the ability and motivation to accomplish those tasks. In today's work environment, it does not help to resort to outdated methods of motivating employees. The final commanding director model is no longer effective in light of the new concept of teamwork. As well as determining rewards. (Denison & Spreitzer, 1991).

Organizational Development
Organizational development also includes a reference to all the behavioral sciences approaches used to direct administrative organizations towards openness and honesty. As for Abdul Bari Dora, he indicated in his definition that organizational development seeks to achieve efficiency in productivity through administrative organizations and develop it through the development of manpower, and a focus on culture. Organizational support and senior leadership support, and work to create the appropriate organizational climate and stabilize the foundations of democracy (Carnevale, 2018).

Development of Creative and Innovative Capabilities
Innovation is the ability to develop an idea, work, design, method, or anything else in a better, easier, more usable and feasible way. Either the invention is the creation of the idea, design, or method from scratch so that it has never been seen before and it is not a requirement that the invention be feasible. What is modified and added to it is called innovation, these additions are one of the human mental states that seek to find different ideas and means to solve problems, and creativity constitutes a real addition to the total of human production, and it also brings real benefit on the ground, especially if it is related to applied topics or Express an institutional or administrative situation (Carnevale, 2018)

Validate the Study Tool
The government's role in improving private sector participation strategies in Egypt The government is working to improve the strategies of private sector participation through legislation and laws that encourage this.
0.000 0.680** The government is working to improve the strategies of private sector participation by providing conditions that increase the ability of companies to confront and solve many of the problems that they may face. 0.000 0.691 ** The government is working to improve private sector participation strategies by reducing taxes and fees imposed on its activities 0.000 0.563** The government aims to improve the strategies of private sector participation by providing loans and financial assistance that contribute to reducing the risks that companies are exposed to 0.000 0.487 ** The government is working to improve private sector participation strategies that open new markets for the Egyptian product 0.000 0.728** The government is working to improve the strategies of private sector participation by providing the opportunity for these companies to expand geographically and increase the number of their subsidiaries 0.000 0.648 ** The government is working to improve the strategies of private sector participation that contribute to the introduction of new products and goods that meet the needs of citizens.
0.000 0.648** The government is working to improve private sector participation strategies by helping them obtain more financial resources and increasing the financing capacity of these companies.
0.000 0.622 ** The government is working to improve the strategies of private sector participation that contribute to increasing the ability of companies to benefit from the development and technological progress occurring in all production and economic fields.
** significance (α = 0.01)  All correlation for l questionnaire items were statistically significant in and the tool has structural validity.

Years of experience
Divided into five categories less than one year 6.3 %, From 1 year to less than three years 25.2%, From 4 years to less than seven years 44.2% From 8 years to less than ten years 13.1 % and More than ten years 11.2%  Source: Study sample data The expressions of the government's role in improving private sector participation strategies in Egypt dimension were eight expressions in the high plane and two expressions in the Medium plane, and it shows the high level the government's role in improving private sector participation strategies in Egypt where mean of the dimension 3.732

Test Research Hypothesis
There is a statistically significant impact the government's role in improving private sector participation strategies on Strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt in Telecom sector in Egypt The simple regression equation was significant at the level of 0.01, and there is a statistically significant impact the government's role in improving private sector participation strategies on Strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt in Telecom sector in Egypt and the impact is positive it turned out that the more it increased level the government's role in improving private sector participation strategies 1% is Strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt in Telecom sector in Egypt has increased 0.982%.

Conclusion
The high level the government's role in improving private sector participation strategies in Egypt where mean of the dimension 3.732. The Medium level of Strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt it turns out the general average of the dimension 3.615. There is a statistically significant impact the government's role in improving private sector participation strategies on Strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt in Telecom sector in Egypt and the more it increased level the government's role in improving private sector participation strategies 1% is Strategies of the private sector participation in Egypt in Telecom sector in Egypt has increased 0.982%.

Recommendations
The need to work to increase the level of awareness and culture of the community about the importance of the participation of the private sector in all economic and production fields. The government works to provide all financial, human, technological and legal capabilities and needs in order to encourage the private sector to participate in all economic and productive sectors in Egypt. Work to encourage the private sector to abide by the responsibility towards the society in which it works and to provide all possibilities to improve the standard of living for its employees. Working to provide legislation and laws that allow the private sector to participate positively and effectively in all areas, which contributes to achieving the required development goals. The need for academics and those interested to conduct many research and studies related to the impact of private sector participation in achieving economic and social development and to work to provide all possibilities to increase the positive impact and try to find solutions through which it can face all negative effects, which contributes to achieving the desired goals of private sector participation in Economic and production fields.